Point (geometry)Fundamental object of geometry A finite set of points (in red) in the Euclidean plane. In geometry, a point is an abstract idealization of an exact position, without size, in physical space, or its generalization to other kinds of mathematical spaces. As zero-dimensional objects, points are usually taken to be the fundamental indivisible elements comprising the space, of which one-dimensional curves, two-dimensional surfaces, and higher-dimensional objects consist.
Extreme pointIn mathematics, an extreme point of a convex setS{\displaystyle S} in a real or complexvector space or affine space is a point in S{\displaystyle S} that does not lie in any open line segment joining two points of S.{\displaystyle S.} The extreme points of a line segment are called its endpoints.PolygonIn geometry, a polygon () is a plane figure made up of line segments connected to form a closed polygonal chain. The segments of a closed polygonal chain are called its edges or sides. The points where two edges meet are the polygon's vertices or corners. An n-gon is a polygon with n sides; for example, a triangle is a 3-gon. A simple polygon is one which does not intersect itself.
Euclidean distanceIn mathematics, the Euclidean distance between two points in a Euclidean space is the length of the line segment between them. It can be calculated from the Cartesian coordinates of the points using the Pythagorean theorem, and therefore is occasionally called the Pythagorean distance. These names come from the ancient Greek mathematiciansEuclid and Pythagoras.GeometryGeometry is a branch of mathematics concerned with properties of space such as the distance, shape, size, and relative position of figures. Geometry is, along with arithmetic, one of the oldest branches of mathematics. A mathematician who works in the field of geometry is called a geometer.
LengthLength is a measure of distance. In the International System of Quantities, length is a quantity with dimension distance. In most systems of measurement a base unit for length is chosen, from which all other units are derived. In the International System of Units (SI) system, the base unit for length is the metre. Length is commonly understood to mean the most extended dimension of a fixed object.
Line (geometry)In geometry, a straight line, usually abbreviated line, is an infinitely long object with no width, depth, or curvature. It is a special case of a curve and an idealisation of such physical objects as a straightedge, a taut string, or a ray of light. Lines are spaces of dimension one, which may be embedded in spaces of dimension two, three, or higher.
CurvatureIn mathematics, curvature is any of several strongly related concepts in geometry that intuitively measure the amount by which a curve deviates from being a straight line or by which a surface deviates from being a plane. If a curve or surface is contained in a larger space, curvature can be defined extrinsically relative to the ambient space. Curvature of Riemannian manifolds of dimension at least two can be defined intrinsically without reference to a larger space.OverlineAn overline, overscore, or overbar, is a typographical feature of a horizontal line drawn immediately above the text. In old mathematical notation, an overline was called a vinculum, a notation for grouping symbols which is expressed in modern notation by parentheses, though it persists for symbols under a radical sign. The original use in Ancient Greek was to indicate compositions of Greek letters as Greek numerals.
PolyhedronIn geometry, a polyhedron (pl.: polyhedra or polyhedrons; from Greek πολύ (poly-) 'many' and ἕδρον (-hedron) 'base, seat') is a three-dimensional figure with flat polygonal faces, straight edges and sharp corners or vertices. The term "polyhedron" may refer either to a solid figure or to its boundary surface. The terms solid polyhedron and polyhedral surface are commonly used to distinguish the two concepts.
Vinculum (symbol)M¯{\displaystyle {\overline { m {M}}}} Roman numeral for 1,000,000AB¯{\displaystyle {\overline { m {AB}}}}line segment from A to B1⁄7 = 0.142857repeated 0.1428571428571428571...a+bi¯{\displaystyle {\overline {a+bi}}}complex conjugateY=AB¯{\displaystyle Y={\overline {AB}}}boolean NOT (A AND B)ab+2n{\displaystyle {\sqrt[{n}]{ab+2}}}radical ab + 2a−b+c¯{\displaystyle a-{\overline {b+c}}} = a − (b + c)bracketing functionVinculum usage A vinculum or constraint (from Latin'fetter, chain, tie') is a horizontal line used in mathematical notation for various purposes.
CurveIn mathematics, a curve (also called a curved line in older texts) is an object similar to a line, but that does not have to be straight. Intuitively, a curve may be thought of as the trace left by a moving point.
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