Minkowski spacetimeMathematical description of spacetime used in relativityHermann Minkowski (1864–1909) found that the theory of special relativity could be best understood as a four-dimensional space, since known as the Minkowski spacetime.In physics, Minkowski spacetime (or Minkowski space; ) is the main mathematical description of spacetime in the absence of gravitation. It combines inertialspace and timemanifolds into a four-dimensional model.
Special relativityTheory of interwoven space and time by Albert EinsteinAlbert Einstein around 1905, the year his paper on special relativity was publishedIn physics, the special theory of relativity, or simply special relativity, is a scientific theory of the relationship between space and time.
SpacetimeIn physics, spacetime, or the space-time continuum, is a mathematical model that fuses the three dimensions of space and the one dimension of time into a single four-dimensional continuum. Spacetime diagrams are useful in visualizing and understanding relativistic effects, such as how different observers perceive where and when events occur.
Hermann MinkowskiHermann Minkowski (22 June 1864 – 12 January 1909) was a mathematician and professor at the University of Königsberg, ETH Zürich, and the University of Göttingen, described variously as German, Polish, Lithuanian-German, or Russian. He created and developed the geometry of numbers and elements of convex geometry, and used geometrical methods to solve problems in number theory, mathematical physics, and the theory of relativity.
Event (relativity)Situation or occurrence located at a specific point in space and time An event in spacetime and a 2D slice of its causal cone.
HyperconeIn geometry, a hypercone (or spherical cone) is the figure in the 4-dimensional Euclidean space represented by the equation x2+y2+z2−w2=0.{\displaystyle x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}-w^{2}=0.}It is a quadric surface, and is one of the possible 3-manifolds which are 4-dimensional equivalents of the conical surface in 3 dimensions. It is also named "spherical cone" because its intersections with hyperplanes perpendicular to the w-axis are spheres.Causality (physics)In physics, causality requires the cause of an event to be in the past light cone of the result and to be ultimately reducible to fundamental interactions. Similarly, a cause cannot have an effect outside its future light cone. Macroscopic vs microscopic causalityCausality can be defined macroscopically, at the level of human observers, or microscopically, for fundamental events at the atomic level.
Dimension (vector space)In mathematics, the dimension of a vector spaceV is the cardinality (i.e., the number of vectors) of a basis of V over its base field. It is sometimes called Hamel dimension (after Georg Hamel) or algebraic dimension to distinguish it from other types of dimension. For every vector space there exists a basis, and all bases of a vector space have equal cardinality; as a result, the dimension of a vector space is uniquely defined.
Albert EinsteinPersonalHousePolitical viewsReligious viewsFamilyBrainBlackboardRefrigeratorOppenheimer relationshipPhysicsGeneral relativityMass–energy equivalenceBrownian motionPhotoelectric effectWorksArchivesScientific publicationsAnnus Mirabilis papers (1905)"Investigations on the Theory ofBrownian Movement" (1905)Relativity: The Special andthe General Theory (1916)The World as I See It (1934)"Why Socialism?"
LightLight, visible light, or visible radiation is electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived by the human eye. Visible light spans the visible spectrum and is usually defined as having wavelengths in the range of 400–700 nanometers (nm), corresponding to frequencies of 750–420 terahertz.
Theory of relativityThe theory of relativity comprises two physics theories by Albert Einstein: special relativity and general relativity, proposed and published in 1905 and 1915, respectively. Special relativity applies to all physical phenomena in the absence of gravity. General relativity explains the law of gravitation and its relation to the forces of nature. It applies to the cosmological and astrophysical realm, including astronomy.
ConeIn geometry, a cone is a three-dimensional figure that tapers smoothly from a flat base (typically a circle) to a point not contained in the base, called the apex or vertex. A cone is formed by a set of line segments, half-lines, or lines connecting a common point, the apex, to all of the points on a base. In the case of line segments, the cone does not extend beyond the base, while in the case of half-lines, it extends infinitely far.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.