LatiumLatium ( , US also ; Latin:) is the region of central western Italy in which the city of Rome was founded, the capital city of the Roman Empire. The wide (Latin: latus), flat region lends its name to Latin. DefinitionLatium was originally a small triangle of fertile, volcanic soil (Old Latium) on which resided the tribe of the Latins or Latians.
LatinLatin (lingua Latina or Latinum) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally spoken by the Latins in Latium (now known as Lazio), the lower Tiber area around Rome, Italy. Through the expansion of the Roman Republic, it became the dominant language in the Italian Peninsula and subsequently throughout the Roman Empire.
Roman expansion in ItalyThe Roman expansion in Italy covers a series of conflicts in which Rome grew from being a small Italian city-state to being the ruler of the Italian region. Roman tradition attributes to the Roman kings the first war against the Sabines and the first conquests around the Alban Hills and down to the coast of Latium. The birth of the Roman Republic after the overthrow of the Etruscan monarch of Rome in 509 BC began a series of major wars between the Romans and the Etruscans.
Latins (Italic tribe)The Latins (Latin: Latīnī), sometimes known as the Latials or Latians, were an Italic tribe that included the early inhabitants of the city of Rome (see Roman people). From about 1000 BC, the Latins inhabited the small region known to the Romans as Old Latium (in Latin Latium vetus), the area in the Italian Peninsula between the river Tiber and the promontory of Mount Circeo 100 km (62 mi) southeast of Rome.
Latium adiectumLatium adiectum or Latium adjectum (Latin for "Attached" or "Extended Latium") or Latium Novum ("New Latium") was a region of Roman Italy between Monte Circeo and the river Garigliano, south of and immediately adjacent to Old Latium and included with it under the Roman Empire. SourcesAs a geographical term, it was used at least as early as the 1st century AD, when mention of it occurs in Pliny in conjunction with Latium Antiquum, the original territory of the Latin tribe.
Colonia (Roman)A Roman colonia (pl.: coloniae) was originally a settlement of Roman citizens, establishing a Roman outpost in federated or conquered territory, for the purpose of securing it. Eventually, however, the term came to denote the highest status of a Roman city. It is also the origin of the modern term "colony". CharacteristicsUnder the Roman Republic, which had no standing army, their own citizens were planted in conquered towns as a kind of garrison.
Italic peoplesThe concept of Italic peoples is widely used in linguistics and historiography of ancient Italy. In a strict sense, commonly used in linguistics, it refers to the Osco-Umbrians and Latino-Faliscans, speakers of the Italic languages, a subgroup of the Indo-European language family.Lex JuliaA lex Julia (plural: leges Juliae) was an ancient Roman law that was introduced by any member of the gens Julia. Most often, "Julian laws", lex Julia or leges Juliae refer to moral legislation introduced by Augustus in 23 BC, or to a law related to Julius Caesar.RightsRights are legal, social, or ethical principles of freedom or entitlement; that is, rights are the fundamental normative rules about what is allowed of people or owed to people according to some legal system, social convention, or ethical theory. Rights are an important concept in law and ethics, especially theories of justice and deontology. The history of social conflicts has often involved attempts to define and redefine rights.
CiceroRoman statesman and lawyer (106–43 BC)Marcus Tullius Cicero ( , Classical Latin:; 3 January 106 BC – 7 December 43 BC) was a Roman statesman, lawyer, scholar, philosopher, orator, and writer who tried to uphold optimate principles during the political crises of the Roman Republic that led to the establishment of the Roman Empire. The extensive writings of Cicero include treatises on rhetoric, philosophy, and politics.
Po (river)The Po ( POH, Italian: [ˈpɔ]) is the longest river in Italy. It flows eastward across northern Italy, starting from the Cottian Alps. The river's length is 652 km (405 mi), or 682 km (424 mi) if the Maira, a right bank tributary, is included. The headwaters of the Po are formed by a spring seeping from a stony hillside at Pian del Re, a flat place at the head of the Val Po under the northwest face of Monviso.
Social War (91–87 BC)BelligerentsRoman RepublicItalian allies Italian rebelsMarsic group:MarsiPaeligniVestiniMarruciniPicentesFrentaniSamnite group:SamnitesCampaniansIapygiansLucaniansHirpiniVenusiaCommanders and leadersLucius Julius CaesarPublius Rutilius Lupus†Gnaeus Pompeius StraboLucius Porcius Cato†Sextus Julius Caesar†Gaius MariusLucius Cornelius SullaQuintus Poppaedius Silo†Gaius Papius MutilusTitus Vettius Scato†Judacilius†Titus Afranius†Strength 175,000 men 130,000 menCasualties and losses 50,000 killed 50,000 killedc.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.