SpartaCity-state in ancient GreeceSparta was a prominent ancient Greekpolis in Laconia. In classical antiquity, the state was known as Lacedaemon (Λακεδαίμων, Lakedaímōn), while Sparta referred to its capital, a group of villages in the valley of the Evrotas River in Laconia, in southeastern Peloponnese. During the 7th century BC, it rose to become the most prominent land military power in the Greek world, a status it retained until its defeat at Leuctra in 371 BC.
LaconiaLaconia or Lakonia (Greek: Λακωνία, Lakonía, ) is a historical and administrative region of Greece located on the southeastern part of the Peloponnese peninsula. Since 2011, it has been administered as a regional unit, with Sparta as its capital. The word laconic—meaning, "spoken in a blunt, concise way"—is probably derived from the name of this region, a reference to the ancient Spartans who were renowned for their verbal austerity and blunt, often pithy remarks.
Philip II of MacedonPhilip II of Macedon (Ancient Greek: Φίλιππος, romanized: Phílippos; 382 BC – October 336 BC) was the king (basileus) of Macedon from 359 BC until his death in 336 BC. The rise of Macedon, from a kingdom initially at the periphery of classical Greek affairs, to a power that came to dominate Ancient Greece in the span of less than 25 years, was largely thanks to the character and policies of Philip.
Classical AthensBBC HistoryAthens (Ancient Greek: Ἀθῆναι, Athênai), was a prominent polis (city-state) of ancient Greece, located in the peninsula of Attica. Athenian democracy was established in 508 BC and remained in place for almost two centuries except for a few brief interruptions.
EphorThe ephors were a board of five magistrates in ancient Sparta. They had an extensive range of judicial, religious, legislative, and military powers, and could shape Sparta's home and foreign affairs. The word "ephors" (Ancient Greeképhoroi, plural form of éphoros) comes from the Ancient Greek epi, "on" or "over", and horaō, "to see", i.e., "one who oversees" or "overseer".
City-stateSovereign state consisting primarily of a city and its territory Monaco is a city state located on the Mediterranean and the second smallest country in the world (after the Vatican, another city state) A city-state is an independent city that encompasses the totality of its sovereign territory. This concept stands in contrast to that of a regular state or country, which typically encompasses a capital city and additional urban centers, in addition to the countryside.
StoicismAncient philosophyA bust of Zeno of Citium, considered the founder of StoicismStoicism is a philosophical movement and practical guide to living, emphasizing daily self-discipline and moral improvement, which originated in the Hellenistic period of ancient Greece and continued well into the Roman Imperial period.
Attic GreekAncient Greek dialect group Attic GreekἈττικὴ γλῶτταAn inscription about the construction of the statue of Athena Parthenos in the Parthenon, 440/439 BCRegionAttica, Macedon, and a number of the Aegean IslandsErac.
PlutarchPlutarch (; Ancient Greek: Πλούταρχος, Ploútarchos, Koine Greek: [ˈplúːtarkʰos]; before CE 50 – after 120) was a Greek and later Roman Middle Platonist philosopher, historian, biographer, essayist, and priest at the Temple of Apollo in Delphi. He is known primarily for his Parallel Lives, a series of biographies of illustrious Greeks and Romans, and Moralia, a collection of essays and speeches.
Cf.The abbreviation cf. (for Latinconfer or conferatur, both meaning 'compare') is generally used in writing to refer the reader to other material to make a comparison with the topic being discussed. Different style guides offer differing advice. In Italian, the abbreviation "cfr."
CowboyTraditional ranch worker in North AmericaCowboys portrayed in Western art. The Herd Quitter by C. M. RussellA cowboy is an animal herder who tends cattle on ranches in North America, traditionally on horseback, and often perform many other ranch-related tasks.ConcisionIn common usage and linguistics, concision (also called conciseness, succinctness, terseness, brevity, or laconicism) is a communication principle of eliminating redundancy, generally achieved by using as few words as possible in a sentence while preserving its meaning. More generally, it is achieved through the omission of parts that impart information that was already given, that is obvious or that is irrelevant.
terseRelated word or term.bluntRelated word or term.ellipticalRelated word or term.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.