Myanmar National Democratic Alliance ArmyThe Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army (MNDAA) is an armed group in the Kokang region of Myanmar (formerly known as Burma). The army has existed since 1989, having been the first one to sign a ceasefire agreement with the Burmese government. The ceasefire lasted for about two decades.
LaukkaiLaukkai (also known as Laukkaing, Laogai or Laokai; Burmese: လောက်ကိုင်မြို့; Chinese: 老街; pinyin: Lǎojiē) is the capital of Kokang Self-Administered Zone in the northern part of Shan State, Myanmar. Laukkai has become notorious for its gambling, prostitution, human trafficking, and online scams.
Operation 10272023–present anti-junta military operation in MyanmarBelligerentsState Administration CouncilBorder Guard Force 1006 (Kokang BGF)Shan State Army – NorthThree Brotherhood AllianceArakan ArmyMyanmar National Democratic Alliance ArmyTa'ang National Liberation ArmyCommunist Party of Burmaother anti-SAC forcesCommanders and leaders Brig. Gen. Tun Tun Myint Brig. Gen. Kyaw Swar Oo Brig. Gen. Aung Kyaw Lwin † Brig. Gen. Zin Myo Swe (POW) Brig. Gen. Zaw Min Tun (POW) Brig.
2009 Kokang incidentBelligerentsMyanmar National Democratic Alliance ArmyNational Democratic Alliance ArmyUnited Wa State ArmyUnion of MyanmarMNDAA mutineersCommanders and leadersPheung Kya-shin Pheung Kya-fuPheung DaxunMin Aung HlaingBai XuoqianWei ChaorenLiu GuoxiMing XuechangCasualties and lossesPer junta government:8 killed640 weapons seizedPer junta government:26 killed47 woundedPer MNDAA and allies: 30+ killed 1 Chinese citizen killed30,000 displacedThe Kokang incident was a violent series of skirmishes that broke out in August 2009 in Kokang in Myanmar's northern Shan State.
Pheung Kya-shinPheung Kya-shin (simplified Chinese: 彭家声; traditional Chinese: 彭家聲; pinyin: Péng Jiāshēng; Burmese: ဖုန်ကြားရှင်; 26 January 1932 – 16 February 2022) was the chairman of the Shan State Special Region No. 1 in Myanmar (Burma) and the leader of the Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army (MNDAA) from 1989 to 2009. BiographyPheung was born in the British Raj into the Peng family, related to the Chieftains of Kokang by marriage.
State Administration CouncilThe State Administration Council (Burmese: နိုင်ငံတော်စီမံအုပ်ချုပ်ရေးကောင်စီ; abbreviated SAC or နစက) was a military junta that governed Myanmar from 2021 to 2025, established by Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services Min Aung Hlaing following the February 2021 coup d'état and the declaration of a state of emergency by the National Defence and Security Council (NDSC).
2021 Myanmar coup d'état2021 military coup in MyanmarBelligerentsGovernment of MyanmarNational League for Democracy TatmadawUnion Solidarity and Development PartyCommanders and leadersAung San Suu Kyi(State Counsellor of Myanmar)Win Myint(President of Myanmar)Min Aung Hlaing(Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services)Myint Swe(Vice-President of Myanmar)This article contains Burmese script.
2008 Constitution of MyanmarThe Constitution of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar (2008) (Burmese: ပြည်ထောင်စုသမ္မတမြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော် ဖွဲ့စည်းပုံအခြေခံဥပဒေ (၂၀၀၈ ခုနှစ်)) is the third Constitution of Myanmar after the 1947 and 1974 constitutions were suspended following military coups.
Self-administered area (Myanmar)A self-administered area (Burmese: ကိုယ်ပိုင်အုပ်ချုပ်ခွင့်ရစီရင်စု) is a type of administrative subdivision in some of the states and regions of Myanmar (Burma).
Burmese languageTibeto-Burman languageA man speaking Burmese.Burmese is a Tibeto-Burman language spoken in Myanmar, where it is the official language, lingua franca, and the native language of the Bamar, the country's largest ethnic group. The Constitution of Myanmar officially refers to it as the Myanmar language in English, though most English speakers continue to refer to the language as Burmese, after Burma—a name with co-official status until 1989 (see Names of Myanmar).
Shan StateState of Myanmar State in Upper, Myanmar Shan State (Shan: မိူင်းတႆး, Möng Tai; Burmese: ရှမ်းပြည်နယ်, pronounced [ʃáɰ̃ pjìnɛ̀]) is a state of Myanmar.
Simplified Chinese charactersStandardized set of Chinese characters
Kokang peopleThe Kokang people (Chinese: 果敢族; pinyin: Guǒgǎn zú; Burmese: ကိုးကန့်လူမျိုး) are a Mandarin-speaking Han Chinese sub-ethnic group native to Kokang in Myanmar. The Kokang people belong to the Sino-Tibetan family and are an officially recognized ethnic group of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.