Malik KafurMalik Kafur (died c. 11 February 1316), also known as Taj al-Din Izz al-Dawla, was a prominent general of the Delhi Sultanate ruler Alauddin Khalji. He was captured by Alauddin's general Nusrat Khan during the 1299 invasion of Gujarat, and rose to prominence around 1305. As a commander of Alauddin's forces, Kafur defeated the Mongol invaders in 1306.
Alauddin KhaljiHouseKhaljiFatherShihabuddin Mas'udReligionSunni IslamMilitary careerConflictsAs princeKhalji Revolution (1290)Bhilsa (1293)Devagiri (1296)As SultanMultan (1296)Kili (1299)Gujarat (1299–1304)Ranthambore (1301)Chittorgarh (1303)Delhi (1303)Malwa (1305)Siwana (1305)Devagiri (1308)Jalore (1311)Ala al-Din Muhammad Shah (Persian: علاء الدین محمد شاہ) better known as Alauddin Khalji (Persian: علاء الدین خلجی; born Ali Gurshasp; c. 1266 – 4 January 1316) was the Khalji dynastySultan of Delhi from 1296 until his death in 1316.
Khalji RevolutionThe Khalji Revolution, alternatively spelled the Khilji Revolution, marked a military coup and a period of political and societal transformation in the Delhi Sultanate. It unfolded following the death of the Mamluk sultan Balban and the subsequent incapacity of his successors to effectively govern the Delhi Sultanate.
Khalaj peopleThe Khalaj (Bactrian: χαλασσ, romanized: Xalass; Persian: خلجها, romanized: Xalajhâ) are a Turkic ethnic group who mainly reside in Iran. In Iran, they still speak the Khalaj language, although most of them are Persianized. Historically, the Khalaj who lived among Pashtuns were slowly Pashtunized. Due to this, the Khaljis of Delhi, originating from Khalaj migrants from Afghanistan into India, were often considered to be Pashtuns by other Turkic nobles.
Delhi SultanateThe Delhi Sultanate or the Sultanate of Delhi was a late medieval empire primarily based in Delhi that stretched over large parts of the Indian subcontinent for more than three centuries. The sultanate was established in 1206 in the former Ghurid territories in India. Its history is generally divided into five periods: Mamluk (1206–1290), Khalji (1290–1320), Tughlaq (1320–1414), Sayyid (1414–1451), and Lodi (1451–1526).
Jalal-ud-Din KhaljiJalal-ud-Din Khalji, also known as Firuz al-Din Khalji, Jalaluddin Khilji or Firuz II (Persian: جلال الدین خلجی; c. 1220 – 19 July 1296) was the Sultan of Delhi from 1290 until his death in 1296. He was the founder and first Sultan of the Khalji dynasty that ruled the Delhi Sultanate of India from 1290 to 1320.Nusrat Khan JalesariNusrat Khan (died 10 July 1301) was a general of the Delhi Sultanate ruler Alauddin Khalji. He served as Alauddin's wazir (prime minister) at the start of his reign, and played an important role in the Sultan's Devagiri (1296) and Gujarat (1299) campaigns. He was killed during the Siege of Ranthambore in 1301.Ayn al-Mulk Multani‘Ayn al-Mulk Mūltānī was a military commander and official who served the Khalji and Tughluq dynasties of the Delhi Sultanate in present-day India. He served as Alauddin Khalji's governor of Malwa and Devagiri, and after Alauddin's death, suppressed a revolt in Gujarat.
Tughlaq dynastyThe Tughlaq dynasty was the third dynasty to rule over the Delhi Sultanate in the medieval Indian subcontinent. The dynasty came to power in 1320 when Ghazi Malik assumed the throne in Delhi under the title of Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq, and ended in 1413. The Tughlaq dynasty reached its territorial zenith through the military campaigns led by Muhammad bin Tughluq between 1330 and 1335. It ruled most of the Indian subcontinent until its decline in the late 14th-century.KharajKharāj (Arabic: خراج; IPA: [xa.raːd͡ʒ]) is a type of individual Islamic tax on agricultural land and its produce, regardless of the religion of the owners, developed under Islamic law.
Turco-AfghanIn the historiography of the Indian subcontinent, the term Turco-Afghan refers to the successive Islamic dynasties of the Ghaznavids, and the Delhi Sultanate, all of which had their origin in Turkic peoples from Central Asia. The Turco-Afghan period begins with the Ghaznavid campaigns in India in 1000 AD. The Turco-Afghan Khalji dynasty, founded by Jalal ud din Firuz Khalji, was the second dynasty to rule the Delhi Sultanate from 1290 to 1320.
Indian subcontinentThe Indian subcontinent is a physiographic region of Asia below the Himalayas which projects into the Indian Ocean between the Bay of Bengal to the east and the Arabian Sea to the west. It is now divided between Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.