Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)Today part ofIndiaPakistanBangladeshThe Mamluk dynasty (lit.'slave dynasty' - see mamluk), or the Mamluk Sultanate, is the historiographical name or umbrella term used to refer to the three dynasties of Mamluk origin who ruled the Ghurid territories in India and subsequently, the Sultanate of Delhi, from 1206 to 1290 — the Qutbi dynasty (1206–1211), the first Ilbari or Shamsi dynasty (1211–1266) and the second Ilbari dynasty (1266–1290).
Muiz ud din QaiqabadMuiz ud din Qaiqabad (Persian: معز الدین کیقباد; 1269 – 1 February 1290) was the tenth sultan of Delhi. He was the son of Bughra Khan, the Sultan of Bengal, as well as the grandson of Ghiyas ud din Balban (r. 1266–1287), the previous Sultan of Delhi. Historical backgroundAfter the death of his son Muhammad Khan, on 9 March 1285 at the hands of the Mongols during the Battle of Beas River, Ghiyas ud din Balban was in an unrecoverable state of shock.
Jalal-ud-Din KhaljiJalal-ud-Din Khalji, also known as Firuz al-Din Khalji, Jalaluddin Khilji or Firuz II (Persian: جلال الدین خلجی; c. 1220 – 19 July 1296) was the Sultan of Delhi from 1290 until his death in 1296. He was the founder and first Sultan of the Khalji dynasty that ruled the Delhi Sultanate of India from 1290 to 1320.
BalbanAl-Sultan al-Azam Ghiyath al-Dunya Wal Din Abu'l Muzaffar Balban al-Sultan (Persian: السلطان الاعظم غیاث الدنیا والدین ابوالمظفر بلبن السلطان; 1216 – 13 January 1287), more famously known as Ghiyath al-Din Balban or simply Balban, was the ninth Mamluksultan of Delhi. He had been the regent of the last Shamsi sultan, Mahmud, until the latter's death in 1266. On death of Sultan Mahmud, Balban became sultan and ruled Delhi.
Delhi SultanateThe Delhi Sultanate or the Sultanate of Delhi was a late medieval empire primarily based in Delhi that stretched over large parts of the Indian subcontinent for more than three centuries. The sultanate was established in 1206 in the former Ghurid territories in India. Its history is generally divided into five periods: Mamluk (1206–1290), Khalji (1290–1320), Tughlaq (1320–1414), Sayyid (1414–1451), and Lodi (1451–1526).
Khalji dynastyToday part ofIndiaPakistanThe Khalji or Khilji dynasty was the second ruling house of the Delhi Sultanate, covering large parts of the Indian subcontinent for nearly three decades between 1290 and 1320. Founded by Jalal-ud-Din Khalji, it is best known for the reign of Alauddin Khalji, under whom the Sultanate reached its greatest territorial extent and underwent significant military, administrative, and economic reforms.
Shamsuddin KayumarsShams ud-Din Kayumars (Persian: شمس الدین کیومرث; c. 1285 – 13 June 1290) was the eleventh sultan of Delhi, and a son of Muiz ud-Din Qaiqabad (a grandson of Balban). LifeHis father Muiz ud din Qaiqabad was murdered by a Khalji noble, Jalal ud-Din Firuz Khalji, during the Khalji Revolution. Jalal ud-Din assumed the throne after murdering Kayumars, ending the Mamluk dynasty and starting the Khalji dynasty.
List of sultans of DelhiThe Sultan of Delhi was the absolute monarch of the Delhi Sultanate which stretched over large parts of the medieval Indian subcontinent from 1206 to 1526. Following the Ghurid conquest of India, five dynasties ruled over the Sultanate sequentially: the Mamluk dynasty (1206–1290), the Khalji dynasty (1290–1320), the Tughlaq dynasty (1320–1414), the Sayyid dynasty (1414–1451), and the Lodi dynasty (1451–1526).
Turkic peoplesTurkic peoples are a collection of diverse ethnic groups of West, Central, East, and North Asia as well as parts of Europe, who speak Turkic languages. According to historians and linguists, the Proto-Turkic language originated in Central-East Asia, potentially in the Altai-Sayan region, Mongolia or Tuva. Initially, Proto-Turkic speakers were potentially both hunter-gatherers and farmers; they later became nomadic pastoralists.
RegentIn a monarchy, a regent (from Latin'ruling, governing') is a person appointed to execute the office of a monarch temporarily, essentially as a substitute ruler. Regencies may arise for a number of reasons, including the monarch being a minor, ill, absent from the country, or otherwise unavailable. A regent may also be appointed in cases where the throne is vacant, or the identity of the legitimate monarch is disputed. The rule of a regent or regents is called a regency.
Coup d'étatDeposition of a governmentGeneral Napoleon Bonaparte during the Coup of 18 Brumaire in Saint-Cloud, detail of painting by François Bouchot, 1840A coup d'état ( ; French:; lit. 'stroke of state'), or simply a coup, is typically an illegal and overt attempt by a military organization or other government elites to unseat an incumbent person or leadership.
ParalysisParalysis (pl.: paralyses; also known as plegia) is a loss of motor function in one or more muscles. Paralysis can also be accompanied by a loss of feeling (sensory loss) in the affected area if there is sensory damage. In the United States, roughly 1 in 50 people have been diagnosed with some form of permanent or transient paralysis.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.