Marcus Junius BrutusRoman politician and assassin of Julius Caesar (85–42 BC)Marcus Junius Brutus (; Latin:; c. 85 BC – 23 October 42 BC) was a Roman politician, orator, and the most famous of the assassins of Julius Caesar. After being adopted by a relative, he used the name Quintus Servilius Caepio Brutus, which was retained as his legal name. He is often referred to simply as Brutus. Early in his political career, Brutus opposed Pompey, who was responsible for Brutus' father's death.
Battle of PhilippiBelligerentsTriumvirsSupported by:Ptolemaic Egypt (sent ships but too late to aid in the fighting)LiberatorsSupported by:Parthian Empire (cavalry force)Commanders and leadersMark AntonyOctavianBrutus†Cassius†Allienus (unknown)Serapion (retreats to Tyre)Strength 53,000–108,00040,000–95,000 infantry in 19 legions13,000 cavalry 60,000–105,00040,000–85,000 infantry in 17 legions20,000 cavalryCasualties and losses 16,000 killed (3 October) 8,000 killed (3 October)Surrender of entire army (23 October)Total dead: 40,000The Battle of Philippi was the final battle in the Liberators' civil war between the forces of Mark Antony and Octavian (of the Second Triumvirate) and the leaders of Julius Caesar's assassination, Brutus and Cassius, in 42 BC, at Philippi in Macedonia.
Julius CaesarSpouse(s)PartnerCleopatra VII (mistress)ChildrenJuliaCaesarion (unacknowledged)Augustus (adoptive)ParentsGaius Julius CaesarAureliaAwardsCivic CrownMilitary careerAllegianceRoman RepublicBranchRoman ArmyService years81–45 BCCommandsXIII LegionConflictsSiege of MytileneGallic WarsInvasions of BritainCaesar's civil warAlexandrian war ...(see Military campaigns of Julius Caesar)Gaius Julius Caesar (12 or 13 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC) was a Roman general, statesman, and author who was the dictator of the Roman Republic almost continuously from 49 BC until his assassination in 44 BC.
Gaius Cassius LonginusGaius Cassius Longinus (Classical Latin: [ˈɡaːi.ʊs ˈkassi.ʊs ˈlɔŋɡɪnʊs]; c. 86 BC – 3 October 42 BC) was a Roman senator and general best known as a leading instigator of the plot to assassinate Julius Caesar on 15 March 44 BC. He was the brother-in-law of Brutus, another leader of the conspiracy.
Mark AntonySpousesChildrenAntoniaMarcus Antonius AntyllusIullus AntoniusAntonia MajorAntonia MinorAlexander HeliosCleopatra Selene IIPtolemy PhiladelphusParentsMarcus Antonius CreticusJuliaMilitary careerAllegianceRoman RepublicYears54–30 BCConflictsGallic WarsCaesar's civil warWar of MutinaBattle of Forum GallorumBattle of MutinaLiberators' civil warParthian WarArmenian WarWar of ActiumBattle of ActiumBattle of AlexandriaMarcus Antonius (14 January 83 BC – 1 August 30 BC), commonly known in English as Mark Antony, was a Roman politician and general who played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic from a constitutional republic into the autocraticRoman Empire.
AugustusRoman emperor from 27 BC to AD 14DynastyJulio-ClaudianFatherGaius OctaviusJulius Caesar (adoptive)MotherAtiaOccupationConsul (43, 33, 31–23, 5, 2 BC)Triumvir (43–27 BC)Pontifex Maximus (from 12 BC)Military serviceAllegianceRoman RepublicRoman EmpireYears of service43–25 BCBattles/warsWar of MutinaBattle of Forum GallorumBattle of MutinaLiberators' Civil WarBattle of PhilippiPerusine WarBellum SiculumBattle of TauromeniumIllyricum CampaignsWar of ActiumBattle of ActiumBattle of AlexandriaCantabrian WarsAugustus (born Gaius Octavius; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14), also known as Octavian (Latin: Octavianus), was the founder of the Roman Empire and the first Roman emperor from 27 BC until his death in AD 14.
Shakespearean tragedyShakespearean tragedy is the designation given to most of William Shakespeare's tragedies. Many of his history plays share the qualifiers of a Shakespearean tragedy, but because they are based on real figures throughout the history of England, they were classified as "histories" in the First Folio.
William ShakespeareEnglish playwright and poet (1564–1616)William Shakespeare (c. 23 April 1564 – 23 April 1616) was an English playwright, poet and actor. He is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon" or simply "the Bard".
First FolioMr. William Shakespeare's Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies is a collection of plays by William Shakespeare, commonly referred to by modern scholars as the First Folio, published in 1623, about seven years after Shakespeare's death. It is considered one of the most influential books ever published. Printed in folio format and containing 36 of Shakespeare's plays, it was prepared by Shakespeare's colleagues John Heminges and Henry Condell.
Parallel LivesThe Parallel Lives (Ancient Greek: Βίοι Παράλληλοι, Bíoi Parállēloi; Latin: Vītae Parallēlae) is a series of 48 biographies of famous men written in Greek by the Greco-Roman philosopher, historian, and Apollonian priest Plutarch, probably at the beginning of the second century. The lives are arranged in pairs to illuminate the common moral virtues or failings of their subjects.Thomas NorthSir Thomas North (28 May 1535 – c. 1604) was an English translator, military officer, lawyer, and justice of the peace. His translation into English of Plutarch's Parallel Lives is notable for being the main source text used by William Shakespeare for his Roman plays. He was the second son of Edward North, the 1st Baron North, and brother to Roger North.
PlutarchPlutarch (; Ancient Greek: Πλούταρχος, Ploútarchos, Koine Greek: [ˈplúːtarkʰos]; before CE 50 – after 120) was a Greek and later Roman Middle Platonist philosopher, historian, biographer, essayist, and priest at the Temple of Apollo in Delphi. He is known primarily for his Parallel Lives, a series of biographies of illustrious Greeks and Romans, and Moralia, a collection of essays and speeches.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.