Carbonated waterCarbonated water is water containing dissolved carbon dioxide gas, either artificially injected under pressure, or occurring due to natural geological processes. Carbonation causes small bubbles to form, giving the water an effervescent quality. Common forms include sparkling natural mineral water, club soda, and commercially produced sparkling water.
Natural philosophyA celestial map from the 17th century, by the Dutch cartographer Frederik de WitNatural philosophy, philosophy of nature (from Latinphilosophia naturalis), or experimental philosophy, until the late modern period, was the systematic and research-based study of nature and the physical universe, while ignoring any supernatural influence.
ElectricityPhenomena related to electric chargeElectricity is invisible, but it can yield visually observable phenomena, shown here with the flash of lightning and various forms of electric light in the buildings.Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of matter possessing an electric charge. Electricity is related to magnetism, both being part of the phenomenon of electromagnetism, as described by Maxwell's equations.
Chemical revolutionIn the history of chemistry, the chemical revolution, also called the first chemical revolution, was the reformulation of chemistry during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, which culminated in the law of conservation of mass and the oxygen theory of combustion. During the 19th and 20th century, this transformation was credited to the work of the French chemist Antoine Lavoisier (the "father of modern chemistry").
English DissentersEnglish Dissenters or English Separatists were Protestants who separated from the Church of England between the 16th and 19th centuries. English Dissenters opposed state interference in religious matters and founded their own churches, educational institutions and communities. They tended to see the established church as too Catholic, but did not agree on what should be done about it. Some Dissenters emigrated to the New World, especially to the Thirteen Colonies and Canada.
UnitarianismUnitarianism is a nontrinitarianmovement of Christianity, which affirms the nature of God as the singular and unique creator of the universe. Unitarian theology critiques the traditional Christian theology of the Trinity, which regards God as being one divine essence, but three distinct persons — God The Father, God The Son (i.e., Jesus Christ), and God The Spirit (i.e., the Holy Spirit).
Classical liberalismIdeology supporting both civil and economic libertiesClassical liberalism (sometimes called English liberalism, and historically called Whiggism) is a political tradition and a branch of liberalism that advocates free market and laissez-faire economics and civil liberties under the rule of law, with special emphasis on individual autonomy, limited government, economic freedom, political freedom and freedom of speech.
OxygenChemical element with atomic number 8 (O)–↑O↓Snitrogen ← oxygen → fluorine
Phlogiston theoryLook up in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
ChemistA chemist (from Greek chēm(ía) alchemy; replacing chymist from Medieval Latinalchemist) is a graduated scientist trained in the study of chemistry, or an officially enrolled student in the field. Chemists study the composition of matter and its properties. Chemists carefully describe the properties they study in terms of quantities, with detail on the level of molecules and their component atoms.
Mercury(II) oxideMercury(II) oxide, also called mercuric oxide or simply mercury oxide, is the inorganic compound with the formula HgO. It has a red or orange color. Mercury(II) oxide is a solid at room temperature and pressure. The mineral form montroydite is very rarely found. HistoryAn experiment for the preparation of mercuric oxide was first described by 11th century Arab-Spanish alchemist, Maslama al-Majriti, in Rutbat al-hakim.LinguisticsScientific study of languageLinguistics is the scientific study of language.
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