Philip II of SpainKing of Spain (1556–1598) and Portugal (1580–1598)Philip II (21 May 1527 – 13 September 1598), sometimes known in Spain as Philip the Prudent (Spanish: Felipe el Prudente), was King of Spain from 1556, King of Portugal from 1580, and King of Naples and Sicily from 1554 until his death in 1598. He was also jure uxorisKing of England and Ireland from his marriage to Queen Mary I in 1554 until her death in 1558. Further, he was Duke of Milan from 1540.
Holy League (1571)The Holy League (Latin: Liga Sancta, Spanish: Liga Santa, Italian: Lega Santa) of 1571 was arranged by Pope Pius V and included the major Catholic powers of southern Europe (Iberian Peninsula and Italian Peninsula), specifically the Spanish Empire as well as the Italian maritime powers. It was intended to break the Ottoman Empire’s control of the eastern Mediterranean Sea. It was formally opened on 15 May 1571 and closed on 25 May 1572.
Charles V, Holy Roman EmperorCharles V (24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558) was Holy Roman Emperor and Archduke of Austria from 1519 to 1556, King of Spain (as Charles I) from 1516 to 1556, King of Sicily and Naples from 1516 to 1554, and also Lord of the Netherlands and titular Duke of Burgundy (as Charles II) from 1506 to 1555. He was heir to and then head of the rising House of Habsburg.
Battle of Lepanto1571 naval battle of the Ottoman–Habsburg warsBelligerentsHoly LeagueSpanish Empire Venice Genoa SavoyTuscanyOrder of Saint Stephen Order of Malta Papal StatesOttoman Empire Regency of AlgiersCommanders and leadersJohn of AustriaÁlvaro de BazánLuis de RequesensSebastiano VenierAgostino Barbarigo (DOW)Gianandrea DoriaMarcantonio ColonnaPietro GiustinianiAli Pasha †Mahomet Sirocco †OcchialiCaracossaStrength 85,900 men212 ships 88,000 men274 shipsCasualties and losses 7,500–10,000 killed13 galleys sunk or destroyed 20,000–40,000 killed200 galleys sunk, destroyed, or captured 15,000 Christian slaves freedLocation within GreeceShow map of GreeceBattle of Lepanto (Peloponnese)Show map of PeloponneseThe Battle of Lepanto was a naval engagement that took place on 7 October 1571 when a fleet of the Holy League, a coalition of Catholic states arranged by Pope Pius V and led by the navies of the Spanish Empire and the Republic of Venice, inflicted a major defeat on the fleet of the Ottoman Empire in the Gulf of Patras.
Legitimacy (family law)In traditional Western common law, legitimacy is the status of a child born to parents who are legally married to each other, and of a child conceived before the parents obtain a legal divorce. Conversely, illegitimacy, also known as bastardy, has been the status of a child born outside marriage, such a child being known as a bastard, a love child, a natural child, or illegitimate. In Scots law, the terms natural son and natural daughter carry the same implications.
Spanish EmpireThis article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these messages) This article includes a list of general references but lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (July 2026) (Learn how and when to remove this message) This article needs more citations.
RegensburgCity in Bavaria, GermanyCity in Bavaria, GermanyRegensburg (historically known in English as Ratisbon, ) is a city in eastern Bavaria, at the confluence of the rivers Danube, Naab and Regen, Danube's northernmost point. It is the capital of the Upper Palatinate subregion of the state. With more than 150,000 inhabitants, Regensburg is the fourth-largest city in the State of Bavaria after Munich, Nuremberg and Augsburg and the eighth-largest of all cities on the river Danube.
Spanish languageSpanish (español) or Castilian (castellano) is a Romance language of the Indo-European language family that evolved from the Vulgar Latin spoken on the Iberian Peninsula of Europe. It originated in the Kingdom of Castile, a historical kingdom in north-central Spain. Today, it is a global language with 519 million native speakers, mainly in the Americas and Spain, and about 636 million speakers total, including second-language speakers.German languageGerman (Deutsch, pronounced [dɔɪ̯tʃ] ) is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, mainly spoken in Western and Central Europe. It is the majority and official (or co-official) language in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Liechtenstein. It is also an official language of Luxembourg, Belgium and the Italian autonomous province of South Tyrol, French autonomous region of Alsace and as well as a recognised national language in Namibia.
Burgher (social class)The burgher class was a social class consisting of municipal residents (Latin: cives), that is, free persons subject to municipal law, formed in the Middle Ages. These free persons were subject to city law, medieval town privileges, a municipal charter, or German town law.
Codicil (will)A codicil is a testamentary or supplementary document similar but not necessarily identical to a will. The purpose of a codicil can differ across jurisdictions. It may serve to amend, rather than replace, a previously executed will, serve as an alternative or replacement to a will, or in some instances have no recognized distinction between it and a will. EtymologyThe term is derived from the Latin term codicillus meaning a 'short additional text' or a 'small writing tablet'.List of governors of the Habsburg NetherlandsThe governor (Dutch: landvoogd) or governor-general (gouverneur-generaal) of the Habsburg Netherlands was a representative appointed by the Holy Roman emperor (1504-1556), the king of Spain (1556–1598, 1621–1706), and the archduke of Austria (1716-1794), to administer the Burgundian inheritance of the House of Habsburg in the Low Countries when the monarch was absent from the territory.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.