Sixteen PrefecturesThe Sixteen Prefectures, more precisely known as the Sixteen Prefectures of Yan–Yun (traditional Chinese: 燕雲十六州; simplified Chinese: 燕云十六州; pinyin: Yān Yún Shíliù Zhōu) or the Sixteen Prefectures of You–Ji (Chinese: 幽薊十六州; pinyin: Yōu Jì Shíliù Zhōu), were a historical region in North China that comprises present-day municipalities of Beijing, Tianjin and parts of northern Hebei and Shanxi provinces north of the Hai River and its two northern tributariesSanggan and Juma rivers.
Tong GuanTong Guan (c. 1054–1126), courtesy nameDaofu (Chinese: 道夫), was a Chinese court eunuch, military general, political adviser, and state councillor to Emperor Huizong of the Song dynasty. In the classical novel Water Margin, Tong Guan is fictionalised as a corrupt government official and an enemy of the 108 Stars of Destiny.
KaifengKaifeng (simplified Chinese: 开封; traditional Chinese: 開封; pinyin: Kāifēng) is a prefecture-level city in east-centralHenan province, China. It is one of the Eight Ancient Capitals of China, having been the capital eight times in history, As of the 2020 census, 4,824,016 people lived in Kaifeng's Prefecture, of whom 1,735,581 lived in the metropolitan area consisting of Xiangfu, Longting, Shunhe Hui, Gulou and Yuwantai Districts.
Alliance Conducted at SeaThe Alliance Conducted at Sea (Chinese: 海上之盟; pinyin: Hǎishàng Zhī Méng) was a political alliance in Chinese history between the Han-led Northern Song dynasty and Jurchen-led Jin dynasty in the early 12th century against the Khitan-led Liao dynasty. The alliance was negotiated from 1115 to 1123 by envoys who crossed the Bohai Sea.
Emperor Huizong of SongEmperor Huizong of Song (2 November 1082 – 4 June 1135), personal name Zhao Ji, was the eighth emperor of the Song dynasty of China and the penultimate emperor of the Northern Song dynasty. He was also a very well-known painter, poet and calligrapher. Born as the 11th son of Emperor Shenzong, he ascended the throne in 1100 upon the death of his elder brother and predecessor, Emperor Zhezong, because Emperor Zhezong's only son had died prematurely.
Jin dynasty (1115–1234)Jurchen-led imperial dynasty of ChinaToday part ofChinaNorth KoreaRussia
Liao dynastyThe Liao dynasty (; traditional Chinese: 遼朝; simplified Chinese: 辽朝; pinyin: Liáo cháo), also known as the Khitan State (Mos diau-d kitai huldʒi gur), officially the Great Liao (Chinese: 大遼; pinyin: Dà Liáo), was a Khitan-led imperial dynasty of China and empire ruled by the Yelü clan that existed between 916 and 1125.
TaiyuanCapital of Shanxi, ChinaPrefecture-level city in Shanxi, ChinaTaiyuan (Taiyuan Jin: ) is the capital of Shanxi, China. It is the political, economic, cultural, and international exchange center of the province, containing an industrial base focusing on energy and heavy chemicals. Throughout its long history, Taiyuan was the capital or provisional capital of many dynasties in China, hence the name Lóngchéng (龙城; The City of the Dragon).
Jurchen peopleJurchen (Manchu: ᠵᡠᡧᡝᠨ, romanized: Jušen, [dʒuʃən]; Chinese: 女真, romanized: Nǚzhēn, [nỳ.ʈʂə́n]) were a number of East Asian Tungusic-speaking people. They lived in northeastern China, also known as Manchuria, before the 18th century. The Jurchens were renamed Manchus in 1635 by Hong Taiji. The Jurchens were culturally diverse, with different groups living as hunter-gatherers, pastoralist semi-nomads, or sedentary agriculturists.
Khitan peopleThe Khitan people (Khitan small script: ; Chinese: ; pinyin: Qìdān) were a historical nomadic people from East Asia and parts of North Asia who, from the 4th century, inhabited an area corresponding to parts of modern Mongolia, Northeast China, and the Russian Far East. As a people descended from the proto-Mongols through the Xianbei, Khitans spoke the now-extinct Khitan language, a Para-Mongolic language related to the Mongolic languages.
Han ChineseThe Han Chinese, alternatively Han people or Chinese people, are an East Asian ethnic group native to Greater China. With a global population of over 1.4 billion, the Han Chinese are the world's largest ethnic group, making up about 17% of the world population. The Han Chinese represent 91.11% of the population in China and 97% of the population in Taiwan.
Song dynastyImperial dynasty of China (960–1279)Chinese nameChinese宋朝*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.