Russian RevolutionThe Russian Revolution was a period of political and social change in Russia, starting in 1917. This period saw Russia abolish its monarchy and adopt a socialist form of government following two successive revolutions and a civil war. It can be seen as the precursor for other revolutions that occurred in the aftermath of World War I, such as the German Revolution of 1918–1919. The Russian Revolution was a key event of the 20th century.
White movementMajor faction in the Russian Civil WarThe White movement, also known as the Whites, was one of the main factions of the Russian Civil War of 1917–1922. It was led mainly by the right-wing and conservative officers of the Russian Empire, while the Bolsheviks who led the October Revolution in Russia, also known as the Reds, and their supporters, were regarded as the main enemies of the Whites.
Anti-communismOpposition to communismAnti-communism is political and ideological opposition to communist beliefs, groups, and individuals. Organized anti-communism developed after the 1917 October Revolution in Russia, and it reached global dimensions during the Cold War, when the United States and the Soviet Union engaged in an intense rivalry.
Soviet UnionThe Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from its formation in 1922 until its dissolution in 1991. It was the world's third-most populous country, the largest by area, and bordered twelve other countries.
List of conspiracy theoriesThe Eye of Providence, or the all-seeing eye of God, seen here on the US$1 bill, has been taken by some to be evidence of a conspiracy involving the Founding Fathers of the United States and the Illuminati.This is a list of notable conspiracy theories. Many conspiracy theories relate to supposed clandestine government plans and elaborate murder plots.
Russian Civil WarMulti-party war in the former Russian Empire (1917–1922)BelligerentsBolsheviks: Russian SFSR Ukrainian SSR Byelorussian SSR Transcaucasian SFSRRegional forcesWhite movement:Russian Republic (1917–1918)Russian State (1918–1920) South Russia (1919–1920)Regional forcesIndependence movements: Poland Finland Ukraine Belarus Estonia Latvia Lithuania Georgia Armenia Azerbaijan MoldaviaNorthern CaucasusBasmachiAnti-Bolshevik left:Left SRsGreen armiesMakhnovshchinaRight SRs and MensheviksAllied Powers: Japan United Kingdom United States France CzechoslovakiaCentral Powers: Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman EmpireCommanders and leadersVladimir LeninLeon TrotskySergey KamenevJukums VācietisYakov Sverdlov #...further detailsAlexander Kolchak Lavr Kornilov †Anton DenikinPyotr Wrangel...further detailsJózef PiłsudskiC.
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Operation Barbarossa1941 Axis invasion of the Soviet Union during WWIIBelligerents Germany RomaniaFinland Italy Hungary SlovakiaSoviet UnionCommanders and leadersAdolf HitlerWalther von BrauchitschHermann GöringFedor von BockGerd von RundstedtWilhelm Ritter von LeebNikolaus von FalkenhorstIon AntonescuC.G.E. MannerheimJoseph StalinSemyon TimoshenkoMarkian PopovFyodor KuznetsovPyotr SobennikovPavel KurochkinDmitry Pavlov Ivan KonevGeorgy ZhukovMikhail Kirponos †Ivan TyulenevYakov CherevichenkoUnits involvedAxis armies:Army Group North16th Army18th Army4th Panzer ArmyLuftflotte 1Army Group Centre2nd Army4th Army9th Army2nd Panzer Army3rd Panzer ArmyLuftflotte 2Army Group South6th Army11th Army17th Army1st Panzer ArmyLuftflotte 43rd Army4th ArmyIndependent armies:Army of NorwayArmy of KareliaSoviet armies:Northern Front7th Army8th Army48th Army52nd Army54th Army55th ArmyNorthwestern Front11th Army27th Army34th ArmyWestern Front3rd Army10th Army13th Army16th Army19th Army20th Army22nd Army24th Army28th Army40th Army50th ArmySouthwestern Front5th Army6th Army12th Army21st Army26th Army37th ArmySouthern Front9th Army18th ArmyCoastal ArmyStrengthFrontline strength (22 June 1941)3.8 million personnel3,350–3,795 tanks3,030–3,072 other AFVs2,770–5,369 aircraft7,200–23,435 artillery pieces17,081 mortars600,000 horses600,000 vehiclesFrontline strength (22 June 1941)2.6–2.9 million personnel11,000 tanks7,133–9,100 military aircraftCasualties and lossesTotal military casualties:1,000,000+ BreakdownCasualties of 1941:According to German Army medical reports (including Army Norway): 186,452 killed40,157 missing655,179 wounded in action8,000 evacuated sick2,827 aircraft destroyed2,735 tanks destroyed104 assault guns destroyedOther involved country losses 114,000+ casualties (at least 39,000 dead or missing) 75,000 casualties(26,355 dead) in Karelia5,000+ casualties during Operation Silver Fox 8,700 casualties 4,420 casualtiesTotal military casualties:4,500,000 BreakdownCasualties of 1941:Based on Soviet archives: 566,852 killed in action (101,471 of whom died in hospital of wounds)235,339 died from non-combat causes1,336,147 sick or wounded via combat and non-combat causes2,335,482 missing in action or captured21,200 aircraft, of which 10,600 were lost to combat20,500 tanks destroyedOperation Barbarossa was the invasion of the Soviet Union by Nazi Germany and several of its European Axis allies starting on Sunday, 22 June 1941, during World War II.
Nazi PartyThe Nazi Party, officially the National Socialist German Workers' Party (German: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP), was a far-right political party in Germany active between 1920 and 1945 that created and supported the ideology of Nazism. Its precursor, the German Workers' Party (Deutsche Arbeiterpartei; DAP), existed from 1919 to 1920.
NazismNazism, formally named National Socialism, is the far-right, ultranationalist, racist and totalitarian ideology associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP). It emerged in Germany during Hitler's rise to power and was frequently called Hitlerism. Nazism is a form of fascism that emphasizes pseudo-scientific theories of racial hierarchy which identify ethnic Germans and Nordic-Aryans as a master race.
The HolocaustThe Holocaust, known in Hebrew as the Shoah, was the genocide of European Jews during World War II. From 1941 to 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered around six million Jews across German-occupied Europe, approximately two-thirds of Europe's Jewish population.
Western cultureLeonardo da Vinci's Vitruvian Man, based on the correlations of ideal human proportions with geometry described by the ancient Roman architect Vitruvius in Book III of his treatise De architectura.Kristus i Getsemane (1873), an angel comforting Jesus Christ before his arrest in the Garden of Gethsemane, by Carl Heinrich Bloch.Western culture, also known as Western civilization, European civilization, Occidental culture, Western society or simply the West, is the externally cohesive yet internally diverse culture and cultural heritage of the Western world.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.