Italian Social RepublicThe Italian Social Republic (Italian: Repubblica Sociale Italiana, IPA: [reˈpubblika soˈtʃaːle itaˈljaːna]; RSI), known prior to December 1943 as the National Republican State of Italy (Stato Nazionale Repubblicano d'Italia; SNRI), but more popularly known as the Republic of Salò (Repubblica di Salò, IPA: [reˈpubblika di saˈlɔ]), was a German puppet state with limited diplomatic recognition that was created during the latter part of World War II.
Operation Achse1943 German campaign to disarm Italy following its armistice to the Allies during WWII Operation AchsePart of the Italian campaign of World War IIDisarmed Italian soldiers marching to captivity in Bozen.Date8–23 September 1943LocationItaly, Balkans, Southern FranceResult Axis victoryTerritorialchanges German occupation of Northern and central Italy Establishment of the Italian Social RepublicBelligerents Italy Germany Croatia RomaniaCommanders and leaders Victor Emmanuel III Pietro Badoglio Vittorio Ambrosio Mario Roatta Ezio Rosi (POW) Mario Vercellino (POW) Albert Kesselring Erwin Rommel Gerd von Rundstedt Maximilian von Weichs Alexander Löhr Miroslav Navratil Horia MacellariuStrength 60 divisions (26 in Italy, 31 in the Balkans, 3 in France) 40 divisions (17 in Italy, 19 in the Balkans, 4 in France)Casualties and losses 20,000–30,000 killed1,006,370 disarmedCaptured by Germans:977 armored vehicles16,631 vehicles17,058 artillery pieces and mortarsMany warshipsCaptured by Romanians:496 prisoners5 midget submarines Unknown Operation Achse (German: Fall Achse, lit.
World War IIGlobal conflict from 1939 to 1945BelligerentsAlliesAxisCommanders and leadersMain Allied leaders: Joseph StalinFranklin D. RooseveltWinston ChurchillChiang Kai-shekMain Axis leaders: Adolf HitlerHirohitoBenito MussoliniCasualties and losses 60–75 million deaths (military and civilian) World War II, or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945), was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies and the Axis powers.
Fascist ItalyPeriod of Italian history (1922–1943)Benito Mussolini, Prime Minister and Dictator of Fascist ItalyDuration20 years, 8 months and 25 daysLocationKingdom of ItalyMonarchVictor Emmanuel IIILeader(s)Benito Mussolini, as the Duce of the National Fascist Party and the Head of the Government, Prime Minister and Secretary of State of the Kingdom of ItalyPrime MinisterBenito MussoliniKey eventsList:March on Rome, Lateran Treaty, Second Italo-Ethiopian War, Pact of Steel/Tripartite P…
WehrmachtThe Wehrmacht (German pronunciation: [ˈveːɐ̯maxt] , lit. 'defence force') were the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945. It consisted of the Heer (army), the Kriegsmarine (navy) and the Luftwaffe (air force). The designation "Wehrmacht" replaced the previously used term Reichswehr (Reich Defence) and was the manifestation of the Nazi regime's efforts to rearm Germany to a greater extent than the Treaty of Versailles permitted.
Nazi GermanyGerman state from 1933 to 1945Nazi Germany, officially the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a totalitarian dictatorship. The Third Reich, meaning "Third Realm" or "Third Empire", referred to the Nazi claim that Nazi Germany was the successor to the Holy Roman Empire (800–1806) and the German Empire (1871–1918).
Italian languageRomance languageItalian (italiano, pronounced, or lingua italiana, pronounced) is a Romance language of the Indo-European language family. It is a standardised form of literary Florentine Tuscan and, together with Sardinian, is the least differentiated language from Latin. Current estimates indicate that between 68 and 85 million people speak Italian, including approximately 64 million native speakers as of 2024.
Resistance during World War IIIrregular forces in World War IIDuring World War II, resistance movements operated in German-occupied Europe by a variety of means, ranging from non-cooperation to propaganda, hiding crashed pilots and even to outright warfare and the recapturing of towns. In many countries, resistance movements were sometimes also referred to as The Underground.
Anti-fascismOpposition to fascismItalian partisans in Milan during the final insurrection leading to the liberation of Italy in April 1945Hitler with Mussolini at the site of the 20 July Plot, an attempted bombing assassination of Hitler by dissident German military officers that took place in 1944.Anti-fascism is a political movement in opposition to fascist ideologies, groups, and individuals.
Waffen-SSThe Waffen-SS (German: [ˈvafn̩ʔɛsˌʔɛs]; lit. 'Armed SS') was the combat branch of the Nazi Party's paramilitary Schutzstaffel (SS) organisation. Its formations included men from Nazi Germany, along with volunteers and conscripts from both German-occupied Europe and unoccupied lands.
Military occupationMilitary occupation, also called belligerent occupation or simply occupation, is temporary hostile control exerted by a ruling power's military apparatus over a sovereign territory that is outside the legal boundaries of that ruling power's own sovereign territory. Occupation's intended temporary nature distinguishes it from annexation and colonialism.Puppet stateA puppet state, puppet régime, puppet government or dummy government is a state that is de jure independent but de facto completely dependent upon an outside power and subject to its orders. Puppet states have nominal sovereignty, except that a foreign power effectively exercises control through economic or military support.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.