Contingency (electrical grid)In an electrical grid, contingency is an unexpected failure of a single principal component (e.g., an electrical generator or a power transmission line) that causes the change of the system state large enough to endanger the grid security. Some protective relays are set up in a way that multiple individual components are disconnected due to a single fault, in this case, taking out all the units in a group counts as a single contingency.
Electrical gridAn electrical grid (or electricity network) is an interconnected network for electricity delivery from producers to consumers. Electrical grids consist of power stations, electrical substations to step voltage up or down, electric power transmission to carry power over long distances, and finally electric power distribution to customers. In that last step, voltage is stepped down again to the required service voltage.
Variable renewable energyVariable renewable energy (VRE) or intermittent renewable energy sources (IRES) are renewable energy sources that are not dispatchable (adjustable on demand) due to their fluctuating nature, such as wind power and solar power, as opposed to controllable renewable energy sources, such as dammed hydroelectricity or bioenergy, or relatively constant sources, such as geothermal power. The use of small amounts of intermittent power has little effect on grid operations.
Power inverterA power inverter or power invertor, often simply called an inverter or invertor, is a power electronic device or circuitry that changes direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC). The resulting AC frequency obtained depends on the particular device employed. Inverters do the opposite of rectifiers, which convert AC to DC. The input voltage, output voltage and frequency, and overall power handling depend on the design of the specific device or circuitry.
Battery energy storage systemA battery energy storage system (BESS), battery storage power station, battery energy grid storage (BEGS) or battery grid storage is a type of energy storage technology that uses a group of batteries in the grid to store electrical energy.
Inertial responseInertial response is a property of large synchronous generators, which contain large synchronous rotating masses, and which acts to overcome any immediate imbalance between power supply and demand for electric power systems, typically the electrical grid.
IEEE 1547IEEE 1547 (Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems) is a standard of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers meant to provide a set of criteria and requirements for the interconnection of distributed generation resources into the power grid. Purpose"This document provides a uniform standard for interconnection of distributed resources with EPSs [Electric Power Systems].
North American Electric Reliability CorporationThe North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) is a not-for-profit, international regulatory authority based in Washington, D.C., and formed on March 28, 2006, as the successor to the North American Electric Reliability Council (also known as NERC). The original NERC was formed on June 1, 1968, by the electric utility industry to promote the reliability and adequacy of bulk power transmission in the electric utility systems of North America.
Electric power conversionIn electrical engineering, power conversion is the process of converting electrical energy from one form to another. A power converter is an electrical device for converting electrical energy between alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC). It can also change the voltage or frequency of the current. Power converters include simple devices such as transformers, and more complex ones like resonant converters.Low-voltage ride-throughIn electrical power engineering, fault ride-through (FRT), sometimes under-voltage ride-through (UVRT), or low-voltage ride-through (LVRT), is the capability of electric generators to stay connected in short periods of lower electric network voltage (cf. voltage sag). It is needed at distribution level (wind parks, PV systems, distributed cogeneration, etc.) to prevent a short circuit at HV or EHV level from causing a widespread loss of generation.Short circuit ratio (electrical grid)In an electrical grid, the short circuit ratio (or SCR) is the ratio of: the short circuit apparent power (SCMVA) in the case of a line-line-line-ground (3LG) fault at the location in the grid where some generator is connected, to: the power rating of the generator itself (GMW).
AlternatorAn alternator (or synchronous generator) is an electrical generator that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy in the form of alternating current (AC). For reasons of cost and simplicity, most alternators use a rotating magnetic field with a stationary armature. The rotor coil is externally excited by a small direct current (DC), while the AC is generated in the stationary coils.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.