Intraparenchymal hemorrhageIntraparenchymal hemorrhage is one form of intracerebral bleeding in which there is bleeding within brain parenchyma. The other form is intraventricular hemorrhage. Intraparenchymal hemorrhage accounts for approximately 8-13% of all strokes and results from a wide spectrum of disorders. It is more likely to result in death or major disability than ischemic stroke or subarachnoid hemorrhage, and therefore constitutes an immediate medical emergency.
Subarachnoid hemorrhageBleeding into the brain's subarachnoid spaceMedical conditionSubarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is bleeding into the subarachnoid space—the area between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater surrounding the brain. Symptoms may include a severe headache of rapid onset, vomiting, decreased level of consciousness, fever, weakness, numbness, and sometimes seizures. Neck stiffness or neck pain are also relatively common.
Intraventricular hemorrhageIntraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), also known as intraventricular bleeding, is a bleeding into the brain's ventricular system, where the cerebrospinal fluid is produced and circulates through towards the subarachnoid space. It can result from physical trauma or from hemorrhagic stroke.
Epidural hematomaEpidural hematoma is when bleeding occurs between the tough outer membrane covering the brain (dura mater) and the skull. When this condition occurs in the spinal canal, it is known as a spinal epidural hematoma. There may be loss of consciousness following a head injury, a brief regaining of consciousness, and then loss of consciousness again. Other symptoms may include headache, confusion, vomiting, and an inability to move parts of the body.
BleedingBleeding, hemorrhage, haemorrhage or blood loss, is blood escaping from the circulatory system from damaged blood vessels. Bleeding can occur internally, or externally either through a natural opening such as the mouth, nose, ear, urethra, genitalia or anus, or through a puncture in the skin. Hypovolemia is a massive decrease in blood volume, and death by excessive loss of blood is referred to as exsanguination.
HypertensionLong-term high blood pressure in the arteriesMedical conditionHypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a long-termmedical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated. High blood pressure usually does not cause symptoms itself. It is, however, a major risk factor for stroke, coronary artery disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, peripheral arterial disease, vision loss, chronic kidney disease, and dementia.
StrokeDeath of a region of brain cells due to poor blood flowMedical conditionA stroke, also referred to as a cerebrovascular accident, is a medical condition in which blood flow to a part of the brain is reduced or blocked causing cell death. There are two main types of stroke: ischemic, due to lack of blood flow, and hemorrhagic, due to bleeding. Both cause parts of the brain to stop functioning properly.
Intracerebral hemorrhageIntracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), also known as hemorrhagic stroke, is a sudden bleeding into the tissues of the brain (i.e., the parenchyma), into its ventricles, or both. An ICH is a type of bleeding within the skull and a kind of stroke (ischemic stroke being the other).
AspirinAnti-inflammatory medicationNot to be confused with Robert Asprin.Pharmaceutical compoundClinical dataPronunciation Trade namesBayer Aspirin, othersOther names2-acetoxybenzoic acid2-(acetyloxy)benzoic acid2-(ethanoyloxy)benzoic acido-acetylsalicylic acidacetylsalicylic acidacetyl salicylatesalicylic acid acetateo-carboxyphenyl acetatemonoacetic acid ester of salicylic acidAHFS/Drugs.comMonographMedlinePlusa682878License dataUS DailyMed: Acetylsalicylic acidPregnancycategoryAU: CRoutes ofadministrationOral, rectalDrug classNonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)ATC codeA01AD05 (WHO) B01AC06 (WHO), N02BA01 (WHO)Legal statusLegal statusAU: S6 (Poison) / Schedule 5; Schedule 4; Schedule 2 Appendix F, clause 4CA: OTCUK: General sales list (GSL, OTC)US: OTC / Rx-onlySE: OTCPharmacokinetic dataBioavailability80–100%Protein binding80–90%MetabolismLiver (CYP2C19 and possibly CYP3A), some is also hydrolysed to salicylate in the gut wall.Elimination half-lifeDose-dependent; 2–3 h for low doses (100 mg or less), 15–30 h for larger doses.ExcretionUrine (80–100%), sweat, saliva, fecesIdentifiersIUPAC name2-acetyloxybenzoic acidCAS Number50-78-2PubChemCID2244IUPHAR/BPS4139DrugBankDB00945ChemSpider2157UNIIR16CO5Y76EKEGGD00109C01405ChEBICHEBI:15365ChEMBLChEMBL25PDB ligandAIN (PDBe, RCSB PDB)CompTox Dashboard(EPA)DTXSID5020108ECHA InfoCard100.000.059Chemical and physical dataFormulaC9H8O4Molar mass180.159 g·mol3D model (JSmol)Interactive imageDensity1.40 g/cmMelting point135 °C (275 °F) Boiling point140 °C (284 °F) (decomposes)Solubility in water3 g/LSMILESO=C(C)Oc1ccccc1C(=O)OInChIInChI=1S/C9H8O4/c1-6(10)13-8-5-3-2-4-7(8)9(11)12/h2-5H,1H3,(H,11,12)Key:BSYNRYMUTXBXSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-NAspirin () is the genericized trademark for acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to reduce pain, fever, and inflammation, and as an antithrombotic.
Subdural hematomaA subdural hematoma (SDH) is a type of bleeding in which a collection of blood—usually but not always associated with a traumatic brain injury—gathers between the inner layer of the dura mater and the arachnoid mater of the meninges surrounding the brain. It usually results from rips in bridging veins that cross the subdural space.
Basal gangliaThe basal ganglia (BG) or basal nuclei are a group of subcortical nuclei (cluster of neurons) found in the brains of vertebrates. Positioned at the base of the forebrain and the top of the midbrain, they have strong connections with the cerebral cortex, thalamus, brainstem and other brain areas.
ParenchymaParenchyma () is the bulk of functional substance in an animal organ such as the brain or lungs, or a structure such as a tumour. In zoology, it is the tissue that fills the interior of flatworms. In botany, it is some layers in the cross-section of the leaf.
Internal bleedingInternal bleeding (also called internal haemorrhage) is a loss of blood from a blood vessel that collects inside the body, and is not usually visible from the outside. It can be a serious medical emergency but the extent of severity depends on bleeding rate and location of the bleeding (e.g. head, torso, extremities). Severe internal bleeding into the chest, abdomen, pelvis, or thighs can cause hemorrhagic shock or death if proper medical treatment is not received quickly.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.