Complex instruction set computerA complex instruction set computer (CISC) is a computer architecture in which single instructions can execute several low-level operations (such as a load from memory, an arithmeticoperation, and a memory store) or are capable of multi-step operations or addressing modes within single instructions.
MicrocontrollerA microcontroller (MC, uC, or μC) or microcontroller unit (MCU) is a small computer on a single integrated circuit. A microcontroller contains one or more processor cores along with memory and programmable input/output peripherals. Program memory in the form of NOR flash, OTP ROM, or ferroelectric RAM is also often included on the chip, as well as a small amount of RAM.
IntelAmerican multinational technology companyIntel Corporation is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Santa Clara, California. It designs, manufactures, and sells computer components such as central processing units (CPUs) and related products for business and consumer markets.
Intel MCS-48The MCS-48microcontroller series, Intel's first microcontroller, was originally released in 1976. Its first members were 8048, 8035 and 8748. The 8048 is arguably the most prominent member of the family. Initially, this family was produced using NMOS (n-type metal–oxide–semiconductor) technology. In the early 1980s, it became available in CMOS technology. It was manufactured into the 1990s to support older designs that still used it.
CMOSComplementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS ) is a type of metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) fabrication process that uses complementary and symmetrical pairs of p-type and n-type MOSFETs for logic functions. CMOS technology is used for constructing integrated circuit (IC) chips, including microprocessors, microcontrollers, memory chips, and other digital logic circuits.
Embedded systemAn embedded system is a specialized computer system—a combination of a computer processor, computer memory, and input/outputperipheral devices—that has a dedicated function within a larger mechanical or electronic system. It is embedded as part of a complete device, often including electrical or electronic hardware and mechanical parts. Embedded systems control many devices in common use.
8-bit computingComputer architecture bit width Computer architecture bit widths Bit 1481216182426303132364045486064128256512bit slicing Application 8163264 Binary floating-point precision 16 (×½)2432 (×1)4064 (×2)80128 (×4)256 (×8) Decimal floating-point precision 3264128 vte In computer architecture, 8-bit integers or other data units are those that are 8 bits wide (1 octet).
Digital signal processorA digital signal processor (DSP) is a specialized microprocessor chip, with its architecture optimized for the operational needs of digital signal processing. DSPs are fabricated on metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) integrated circuit chips.NMOS logicNMOS or nMOS logic (from N-type metal–oxide–semiconductor) uses n-type (-) MOSFETs (metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors) to implement logic gates and other digital circuits. NMOS transistors operate by creating an inversion layer in a p-type transistor body. This inversion layer, called the n-channel, can conduct electrons between n-type source and drain terminals. The n-channel is created by applying voltage to the third terminal, called the gate.16-bit computingIn computer architecture, 16-bitintegers, memory addresses, or other data units are those that are 16 bits (2 octets) wide. Also, 16-bit central processing unit (CPU) and arithmetic logic unit (ALU) architectures are those that are based on registers, address buses, or data buses of that size. 16-bit microcomputers are microcomputers that use 16-bit microprocessors. A 16-bit register can store 2 different values.
32-bit computing32-bit computing refers to computer architectures with a processor, memory, and other major components that operate on 32-bit units of data. Compared to smaller bit widths, 32-bit computers can perform large calculations more efficiently and process more data per clock cycle. From the 1980s to about 2006, typical 32-bit personal computers had a 32-bit address bus, permitting up to 4 GiB of RAM to be accessed.Binary-code compatibilityBinary-code compatibility (binary compatible or object-code compatible) is a property of a computer system, meaning that it can run the same executable code, typically machine code for a general-purpose computercentral processing unit (CPU), that another computer system can run. Source-code compatibility, on the other hand, means that recompilation or interpretation is necessary before the program can be run on the compatible system.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.