Ranked votingRanked voting is any voting system that uses voters' rankings of candidates to choose a single winner or multiple winners. More formally, a ranked vote system depends only on voters' order of preference of the candidates. Ranked voting systems vary dramatically in how preferences are tabulated and counted. This gives them different properties with respect to satisfying various voting groups and adherence to mathematical rules.
Two-round systemThe two-round system (TRS or 2RS), sometimes called ballotage, top-two runoff, or two-round plurality, is a single-winner electoral system which aims to elect a member who has support of the majority of voters. The two-round system involves two rounds of choose-one voting, where the voter marks a single favorite candidate in each round. The two candidates with the most votes in the first round move on to a second election (a second round of voting).Primary electionPrimary elections or primaries are elections held to determine which candidates will run in an upcoming general election. In a partisan primary, a political party selects a candidate. Depending on the state or party, there may be an "open primary", in which all voters are eligible to participate, or a "closed primary", in which only members of a political party can vote. Less common are nonpartisan primaries in which all candidates run regardless of party.First-preference voteA first-preference is a voter's most-preferred candidate. In certain ranked systems such as first preference plurality, ranked-choice voting (RCV), and the single transferable vote, first preferences for a candidate are considered most important and prioritized heavily. This incentivizes pandering to the political base or "core support" as a result of the center squeeze effect. Methods like Condorcet voting, rated voting, and the Borda count do not exhibit such effects.
Sequential elimination methodThe sequential elimination methods are a class of voting systems that repeatedly eliminate the last-place finisher of another voting method until a single candidate remains. The method used to determine the loser is called the base method. Common are the two-round system, instant-runoff voting, and some primary systems. Instant-runoff voting is a sequential loser method based on plurality voting, while Baldwin's method is a sequential loser method based on the Borda count.Majority ruleIn social choice theory, the majority rule (MR) is a social choice rule which says that, when comparing two options (such as bills or candidates), the option preferred by more than half of the voters (a majority) should win. In political philosophy, the majority rule is one of two major competing notions of democracy.
Australian EnglishSet of varieties of English languageThe percentage of people who speak only the English language at home, 2021Australian English (locally; AusE, AusEng, AuE, AuEng, en-AU) is the set of varieties of the English language native to Australia. It is the country's common language and de factonational language.New Zealand EnglishNew Zealand English (NZE) is the variant of the English language spoken and written by most New Zealanders. Its language code in ISO and Internet standards is en-NZ. English is the first language of the majority of the population. The English language was brought to New Zealand by colonists during the 19th century.
American EnglishAmerican English, sometimes called United States English or U.S. English, is the set of varieties of the English language native to the United States. English is the most widely spoken language in the U.S., as well as the common language used in government, education, and commerce in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and in all U.S. territories except Puerto Rico. Since the late 20th century, American English has become the most influential form of English worldwide.
Canadian EnglishCanadian English (CanE, CE, en-CA) encompasses the varieties of English spoken in Canada, the most widespread variety of Canadian English being Standard Canadian English. English is the most widely spoken language in Canada. It is spoken in all the western and central provinces of Canada (varying from Central Canada to British Columbia) and also in many other provinces among urban middle- or upper-class speakers from natively English-speaking families.British EnglishBritish English is the set of varieties of the English language native to the United Kingdom, especially Great Britain. More narrowly, it can refer specifically to the English language in England, or, more broadly, to the collective dialects of English throughout the United Kingdom taken as a single umbrella variety, for instance additionally incorporating Scottish English, Welsh English, and Northern Irish English.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.