Lower Saxon CircleThe Lower Saxon Circle (German: Niedersächsischer Reichskreis) was an imperial circle of the Holy Roman Empire. It covered much of the territory of the medieval Duchy of Saxony (except for Westphalia), and was originally called the Saxon Circle (German: Sächsischer Kreis) before later being better differentiated from the Upper Saxon Circle by the more specific name.
Imperial Diet (Holy Roman Empire)The Imperial Diet (German: Reichstag; Latin: Dieta Imperii or Comitium Imperiale) was the deliberative body of the Holy Roman Empire. It was not a legislative body in the contemporary sense; its members envisioned it more like a central forum where it was more important to negotiate than to decide. Its members were the Imperial Estates, divided into three colleges. The diet as a permanent, regularized institution evolved from the Hoftage (court assemblies) of the Middle Ages.
Holy Roman EmpireToday part ofFranceBelgiumNetherlandsGermanyItalyLuxembourgSwitzerlandLiechtensteinAustriaCzech RepublicSloveniaPolandThe Holy Roman Empire, also known as the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation after 1512, was a polity comprising and controlling much of Central Europe and Western Europe, headed by the Holy Roman Emperor and characterized by a decentralized political structure.
Diet of AugsburgThe diets of Augsburg were the meetings of the Imperial Diet of the Holy Roman Empire held in the German city of Augsburg. Both an Imperial City and the residence of the Augsburg prince-bishops, the town had hosted the Estates in many such sessions since the 10th century. In 1282, the diet of Augsburg assigned the control of Austria to the House of Habsburg.
Lands of the Bohemian CrownThe Lands of the Bohemian Crown were the states in Central Europe during the medieval and early modern periods with feudal obligations to the Bohemian kings.
Early modern SwitzerlandThe early modern history of the Old Swiss Confederacy (Eidgenossenschaft, also known as the "Swiss Republic" or Republica Helvetiorum) and its constituent Thirteen Cantons encompasses the time of the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) until the French invasion of 1798. The early modern period was characterized by an increasingly aristocratic and oligarchic ruling class as well as frequent economic or religious revolts.
ReichskammergerichtThe Reichskammergericht (German for 'Imperial Chamber Court'; German: [ˈʁaɪçs.kamɐɡəˌʁɪçt] ; Latin: Iudicium imperii) was one of the two highest judicial institutions in the Holy Roman Empire, the other one being the Aulic Council in Vienna. It was founded in 1495 by the Imperial Diet in Worms.Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)Today part ofItalyCharles V was the last emperor to be crowned king of Italy, with subsequent emperors removing it from their titles; however, they continued to claim the crown of Italy until 1801.The archbishop of Cologne was the Arch-Chancellor of Italy, one of the highest dignitaries of the empire.
War of the Third Coalition1805–1806 conflict during the Napoleonic WarsBelligerentsAustriaUnited KingdomRussiaNaplesSicilySwedenFranceBatavian RepublicKingdom of ItalyEtruriaSpainBavariaWürttembergBadenCommanders and leadersFrancis IArchduke CharlesKarl Mack von LeiberichWilliam Pitt#William GrenvilleHoratio Nelson †Cuthbert CollingwoodRobert CalderAlexander IMikhail KutuzovPyotr BagrationFriedrich Wilhelm von BuxhoevedenFerdinand IVGustav IV AdolfNapoleon IPierre AugereauJean-Baptiste BernadotteJean-Baptiste BessièresLouis-Nicolas DavoutJean LannesAuguste de MarmontAndré MassénaÉdouard MortierJoachim MuratMichel NeyJean-de-Dieu SoultPierre-Charles Villeneuve †Maximilian IKarl Philipp von WredeRutger Jan SchimmelpenninckCarel Hendrik Ver HuellEugène de BeauharnaisCharles IVFederico Gravina †Casualties and lossesAustrian Empire:20,000 killed or wounded70,000 capturedRussia:25,000 killed or wounded25,000 capturedNaples:20,000 killed, wounded or capturedTotal casualties:160,000 killed, wounded or capturedFrance:13,500 killed37,000 wounded5,000 capturedItaly:350 killed1,900 woundedSpain:1,200 killed1,600 woundedBavaria:300 killed1,200 woundedTotal casualties:62,050 killed, wounded or capturedNapoleonic Wars700km435miles9Waterloo8France76Russia5Austria4Spain3Portugal2Prussia1Germany1 Third Coalition: Germany 1805:...Ulm...2Fourth Coalition: Prussia 1806:...Jena...3Peninsular War: Portugal 1807...Torres Vedras...4Peninsular War: Spain 1808...Vitoria...5Fifth Coalition: Austria 1809:...Wagram...6French invasion of Russia 1812:...Moscow...7Sixth Coalition: Germany 1813:...Leipzig...8Sixth Coalition: France 1814:...Paris...9Hundred Days 1815:...Waterloo...The War of the Third Coalition (French: Guerre de la Troisième Coalition) was a European conflict lasting from 1805 to 1806 and was the first conflict of the Napoleonic Wars.German languageGerman (Deutsch, pronounced [dɔɪ̯tʃ] ) is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, mainly spoken in Western and Central Europe. It is the majority and official (or co-official) language in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Liechtenstein. It is also an official language of Luxembourg, Belgium and the Italian autonomous province of South Tyrol, French autonomous region of Alsace and as well as a recognised national language in Namibia.
Early modern periodHistorical period from c. 1500 to c. 1800
LatinLatin (lingua Latina or Latinum) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally spoken by the Latins in Latium (now known as Lazio), the lower Tiber area around Rome, Italy. Through the expansion of the Roman Republic, it became the dominant language in the Italian Peninsula and subsequently throughout the Roman Empire.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.