Tripolitanian RepublicThe Tripolitanian Republic (Arabic: الجمهورية الطرابلسية, al-Jumhuriyat at-Trabulsiya), was a short-lived Arab republic that declared independence from Italian Tripolitania after World War I. Although the Tripolitanian leaders presented their case at the 1919 Paris Peace Conference, they failed to secure support from Allied powers, and the republic was never internationally recognized.
TripolitaniaTripolitania (Arabic: طرابلس), historically known as the Tripoli region, is a historic region and former province of Libya. The region had been settled since antiquity, first coming to prominence as part of the Carthaginian empire. Following the defeat of Carthage in the Punic Wars, Ancient Rome organized the region (along with what is now modern day Tunisia and eastern Algeria), into a province known as Africa, and placed it under the administration of a proconsul.
Ahmed Sharif as-SenussiAhmed Sharif as-Senussi (Arabic: أحمد الشريف السنوسي) (1873 – 10 March 1933) was the supreme leader of the Senussi order (1902–1933), although his leadership in the years 1917–1933 could be considered nominal. His daughter, Fatimah el-Sharif was the Queen consort of KingIdris I of Libya. Early lifeAhmed Sharif was the grandson of Muhammad ibn Ali as-Senussi, who founded the Senussi religious order in Cyrenaica in the middle of nineteenth century.
Kingdom of LibyaThe Kingdom of Libya (Arabic: المملكة الليبية, romanized: Al-Mamlakah Al-Lībiyya, lit.'Libyan Kingdom'; Italian: Regno di Libia), known as the United Kingdom of Libya from 1951 to 1963, was a constitutional monarchy in North Africa. The unified kingdom came into existence upon independence on 24 December 1951 from the United Kingdom and France and lasted until a bloodless coup d'état on 1 September 1969.Modus vivendi of AcromaThe modus vivendi of Acroma was a pair of agreements signed by the Sanūsī Order with Britain and Italy on 16 April 1917 at Acroma (Akrama). The negotiations that led to the modus vivendi were begun by Idrīs al-Sanūsī soon after he succeeded his uncle at the head of the order in 1917. His cousin, Aḥmad al-Sharīf al-Sanūsī, had instigated the Senussi campaign, an unsuccessful war against Britain with Ottoman and German assistance, at the height of the First World War.
Senussi campaignThe Senussi campaign took place in North Africa from November 1915 to February 1917, during the First World War. The campaign was fought by the Senussi, a religious order of Arabic nomads in Libya and Egypt, against the Kingdom of Italy and the British Empire. The Senussi were courted by the Ottoman Empire and the German Empire.
1969 Libyan revolutionBelligerentsKingdom of LibyaCyrenaican Defence Force (CYDEF)Free Officers movementCommanders and leadersIdris I Abdel Aziz El Shelhi Omar Ibrahim El ShelhiHasan as-SenussiWanis al-QaddafiAbdul-Aziz ShennibMustafa Ben HalimMuammar GaddafiAbdessalam JalloudUmar MuhayshiKhweldi HameidiBashir Saghir HawadiAbu-Bakr Yunis JabrMustafa KharoubiAbdel Moneim al-HouniMohammed NajmAbdel Fatah YounisKhalifa HaftarOmar El-Hariri Awad Ali Hamza Mukhtar Abdullah al-QarawiSayyid Gaddaf al-DamMassoud AbdelhafidSayyid Gaddaf al-DamAli TrekiAli KannaStrength Unknown 70Casualties and losses 0 0PersonalEarly life and careerArab nationalismNasserismThird International TheoryThe Green BookEscape to HellKillingInternational reactionsReception and legacyLoyalismAwards and honoursAffiliationsFree OfficersArab Socialist UnionRevolutionary Command CouncilGeneral People's CommitteeLibya under Muammar GaddafiPoliticsBrotherly Leader and Guide of the RevolutionSecretary General of the General People's CongressChairman of the Revolutionary Command CouncilPrime Minister of LibyaChairperson of the African UnionMilitary1969 Libyan revolutionYom Kippur WarLebanese Civil WarEgyptian–Libyan WarChadian–Libyan WarAction in the Gulf of Sidra in 19861986 United States bombing of LibyaToyota WarFirst Libyan Civil WarNATO military interventionLeadershipLibyan Arab RepublicFederation of Arab RepublicsSocialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya1970 expulsion of Italians from Libya1973 oil crisisCultural RevolutionWeapons of mass destructionWest Berlin discotheque bombingLockerbie bombingUTA Flight 772Support for rebel and paramilitary groupsInternational tripsElections and referendums1971The 1969 Libyan revolution or coup d'état, also known as al-Fateh Revolution or 1 September Revolution, was a coup d'état and revolution carried out by the Free Officers movement, a group of Arab nationalist and Nasserist officers in the Libyan Army, which overthrew the Senussi monarchy of King Idris I and resulted in the formation of the Libyan Arab Republic.
Emirate of CyrenaicaThe Emirate of Cyrenaica (Arabic: إمارة برقة) came into existence when Sayyid Idris unilaterally proclaimed Cyrenaica an independent Senussi emirate on 1 March 1949, backed by the United Kingdom. Sayyid Idris proclaimed himself Emir of Cyrenaica at a 'national conference' in Benghazi. It effectively succeeded the pre-Second World War Italian Cyrenaica.
SanusiyyaThe Sanusi order or Sanusiyyah (Arabic: السنوسية, romanized: as-Sanūssiyya) are a politically conservativeSufi order (tariqa) of Sunni Islam in Libya and North Africa. It was founded in Mecca in 1837 by the MuslimtheologianMuhammad ibn Ali al-Sanusi (the "Grand Sanusi") The Sanusi order seek "spiritual identification" with the Prophet Muhammad through the study and emulation of his actions, life and words.
Romanization of ArabicThe romanization of Arabic is the systematic rendering of written and spokenArabic in the Latin script. Romanized Arabic is used for various purposes, among them transcription of names and titles, cataloging Arabic language works, language education when used instead of or alongside the Arabic script, and representation of the language in scientific publications by linguists.
ArabicArabic is a Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) assigns language codes to 32 varieties of Arabic, including its standard form of Literary Arabic, known as Modern Standard Arabic, which is derived from Classical Arabic.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.