Scottish Agricultural RevolutionThe Agricultural Revolution in Scotland was a series of changes in agricultural practice that began in the 17th century and continued in the 19th century. They began with the improvement of Scottish Lowlands farmland and the beginning of a transformation of Scottish agriculture from one of the least modernised systems to what was to become the most modern and productive system in Europe.
Run rigRun rig, or runrig, also known as rig-a-rendal, was a system of land tenure practised in Scotland, particularly in the Highlands and Islands. It was used on open fields for arable farming. Scottish Gaelic names include mòr-earrann (lit.'large portion'), magh mu seach ('one field at a time'), iomair mu seach ('one ridge at a time'), fearann-tuatha ('peasant field'); in Scots it was generally rin-rig.
EnclosureEnclosure or inclosure is a term, used in English landownership, that refers to the appropriation of "waste" or "common land", enclosing it, and by doing so depriving commoners of their traditional rights of access and usage. Agreements to enclose land could be either through a formal or informal process. The process could normally be accomplished in three ways. First there was the creation of "closes", taken out of larger common fields by their owners.
Highlands and IslandsThe Highlands and Islands is an area of Scotland broadly covering the Scottish Highlands, plus Orkney, Shetland, and the Hebrides (Western Isles). The Highlands and Islands are sometimes defined as the area to which the Crofters Holdings (Scotland) Act 1886 applied.
Open-field systemThe open-field system was the prevalent agricultural system in much of Europe during the Middle Ages and lasted into the 20th century in Russia, Iran, and Turkey. Each manor or village had two or three large fields, usually several hundred acres each, which were divided into many narrow strips of land. The strips or selions were cultivated by peasants, who were either tenants or serfs.
GaelsCeltic ethnolinguistic groupEthnic groupThe Gaels are a group of Insular Celtic ethnic groups native to Ireland, parts of Scotland, and the Isle of Man. They are associated with the Gaelic languages: a branch of the Celtic languages comprising Irish, Manx, and Scottish Gaelic. Gaelic language and culture originated in Ireland, extending to Dál Riata in western Scotland. In antiquity, the Gaels traded with the Roman Empire and also raidedRoman Britain.
KelpKelps are large brown algae or seaweeds that make up the orderLaminariales. There are about 30 genera. Despite its appearance and use of photosynthesis in chloroplasts, kelp is not a plant but a stramenopile. Kelp grows from stalks close together in very dense, forest-like areas under shallow temperate and Arctic oceans. They were previously thought to have appeared in the Miocene, 5 to 23 million years ago based on fossils from California.
Social statusSocial status is the relative level of social value a person is considered to possess. Such social value includes respect, honor, assumed competence, and deference. On one hand, social scientists view status as a "reward" for group members who treat others well and take initiative. This is one explanation for its apparent cross-cultural universality.
Croft (land)A croft is a traditional Scottish term for a fenced or enclosed area of land. It is usually small and arable, and typically, though not always, includes a crofter's dwelling. A crofter is a person who has tenure and use of the land, typically as a tenant farmer in rural areas. In Northern England, "crofter" was a term associated with tenant farming and rural employment.
Scottish GaelicCeltic languageScottish Gaelic ( ; endonym: Gàidhlig), also known as Scots Gaelic or simply Gaelic, is a Celtic language native to the Gaels of Scotland. As a member of the Goidelic branch of Celtic, Scottish Gaelic, alongside both Irish and Manx, developed out of Old Irish.
BankruptcyBankruptcy is a legal process through which people or other entities who cannot repay debts to creditors may seek relief from some or all of their debts. In most jurisdictions, bankruptcy is imposed by a court order, often initiated by the debtor. Bankrupt is not the only legal status that an insolvent person may have, meaning the term bankruptcy is not a synonym for insolvency.
Animal husbandryManagement of farm animalsCattle feedlot in Colorado, United StatesAnimal husbandry is the branch of agriculture concerned with the human practices of raising captive or domesticatedanimals for harvesting valuable animal products or to train animals to provide labour or services.
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