High dynamic range

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High dynamic range (HDR), also known as wide dynamic range, extended dynamic range, or expanded dynamic range, is a signal with a higher dynamic range than usual. The term is often used in discussing the dynamic ranges of images, videos, audio, or radio. It may also apply to the means of recording, processing, and reproducing such signals including analog and digitized signals. ImagingIn this context, the term high dynamic range means there is a large amount of variation in light levels within a scene or an image.

Dolby VisionDolby Vision is a set of technologies developed by Dolby Laboratories and Christie Digital Systems for high-dynamic-range (HDR) video. It covers content creation, distribution, and playback. It includes dynamic metadata that define the aspect ratio and adjust the picture based on a display's capabilities on a per-shot or even per-frame basis, optimizing the presentation. Dolby Vision was introduced in 2014, making it the first available HDR format.

IOS 18iOS 18 is the eighteenth major release of Apple's iOS operating system for the iPhone. It was announced on June 10, 2024, at the 2024 Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC), and made publicly available on September 16, 2024, as a free software update for supported iOS devices. It is the direct successor to iOS 17 and was announced alongside iPadOS 18, macOS Sequoia, watchOS 11, visionOS 2, and tvOS 18.Ultra HDRUltra HDR is an image format that encodes a gain map into the metadata of a JPEG image. This allows for compatible decoders to decode and display a high dynamic range (HDR) image while maintaining backwards compatibility with incompatible decoders and SDR panels. This format was first deployed on the Android 14 operating system, with display support later being added to Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge, Brave, Opera, Safari, and multiple other macOS and iOS applications.

High-dynamic-range televisionVideo and image technology for HDR displaysHigh-dynamic-range television (HDR-TV) is a technology that uses high dynamic range (HDR) to improve the quality of display signals. It is contrasted with the retroactively named standard dynamic range (SDR). HDR changes how luminance and colors in videos and images are represented in the signal, allowing brighter, more detailed highlights, darker, more detailed shadows, and more intense colors.Transfer functions in imagingImages and videos use specific transfer functions to describe the relationship between electrical signal, scene light and displayed light. DefinitionThe opto-electronic transfer function (OETF) is the transfer function having the scene light as input and converting into the picture or video signal as output. This is typically done within a camera.Dynamic rangeDynamic range (abbreviated DR, DNR, or DYR) is the ratio between the largest and smallest measurable values of a specific quantity. It is often used in the context of signals, like sound and light. It is measured either as a ratio or as a base-10 (decibel) or base-2 (doublings, bits or stops) logarithmic value of the ratio between the largest and smallest signal values.

AVIFAV1 Image File Format (AVIF extension/container) is an open, royalty-free file format specification for storing images or image sequences compressed with AV1. An AVIF file is designed to be a conformant HEIF file for both image items and image sequences. Specifically, this specification follows the recommendations given in "Annex I: Guidelines On Defining New Image Formats and Brands" of HEIF.

SignalA signal is both the process and the result of transmission of data over some media accomplished by embedding some variation. Signals are important in multiple subject fields, including signal processing, information theory and biology. In signal processing, a signal is a function that conveys information about a phenomenon. Any quantity that can vary over space or time can be used as a signal to share messages between observers.

Analog signalAn analog signal (American English) or analogue signal (British and Commonwealth English) is any signal, typically a continuous-time signal, representing some other quantity, i.e., analogous to another quantity. For example, in an analog audiosignal, the instantaneous signal voltage varies in a manner analogous to the pressure of the sound waves.

Hybrid log–gammaHybrid log–gamma (HLG) is a transfer function jointly developed by the BBC and NHK for high dynamic range (HDR) display. It is backward compatible with the transfer function of SDR (the gamma curve). It was approved as ARIB STD-B67 by the Association of Radio Industries and Businesses (ARIB). It is also defined in ATSC 3.0, Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) UHD-1 Phase 2, and International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Rec. 2100.

Digital signal (signal processing)In the context of digital signal processing (DSP), a digital signal is a discrete time, quantized amplitudesignal. In other words, it is a sampled signal consisting of samples that take on values from a discrete set (a countable set that can be mapped one-to-one to a subset of integers). If that discrete set is finite, the discrete values can be represented with digital words of a finite width.MacOS SequoiamacOS Sequoia (version 15.8) is the twenty-first major release of Apple's macOS operating system. The successor to macOS Sonoma, it was announced at WWDC 2024 on June 10, 2024. In line with Apple's practice of naming macOS releases after landmarks in California, it is named after Sequoia National Park, located in the Sierra Nevada mountain range. The first developer beta was released on June 10, 2024. The first public beta was released on July 15, 2024.

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