Gulbuddin HekmatyarGulbuddin Hekmatyar (born 1 August 1949) is an Afghan politician, and former mujahideen commander and drug trafficker. He is the founder and current leader of the Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin political party, so called after Mohammad Yunus Khalis split from Hezbi Islami in 1979 to found Hezb-i Islami Khalis.
TalibanThe Taliban, officially known as the Islamic Movement of Taliban, also referring to itself by the name of the government it operates, the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is the ruling government and religious organization of Afghanistan, as well as a militant organization with an ideology comprising elements of the Deobandi movement of Islamic fundamentalism and Pashtun nationalism.
Hezb-i Islami KhalisHezb-e Islami Khalis is an Afghan political ex-Mujahideen movement under Mohammad Yunus Khalis, who separated from Gulbuddin Hekmatyar's Hezb-e Islami and formed his own resistance group in 1979. The two parties were distinguished as Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin and Hezb-e Islami Khalis, after the names of their respective leaders.
AfghanistanCountry in Central and South AsiaAfghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central and South Asia. It is bordered by Pakistan to the east and south, Iran to the west, Turkmenistan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north, Tajikistan to the northeast, and China to the northeast and east.
Soviet–Afghan War1979–1989 armed conflict in South AsiaBelligerentsSoviet UnionDemocratic Republic of AfghanistanAfghan mujahideenCommanders and leadersSoviet UnionLeonid Brezhnev #Yuri Andropov #Konstantin Chernenko #Mikhail GorbachevDR AfghanistanHafizullah Amin XBabrak KarmalMohammad NajibullahSunni MujahideenAhmad Shah MassoudBurhanuddin RabbaniGulbuddin HekmatyarShia MujahideenMuhammad Asif MuhsiniOtherFaiz AhmadMulavi DawoodAbdul Karim BrahuiUnits involvedSoviet Armed ForcesOKSVASpetsnazVDVKGBAfghan Armed ForcesAfghan ArmyAfghan Commando ForcesKhADAfghan Air ForceParamilitariesSarandoyDefense of the RevolutionFidayan-i IslamPader WatanSunni Mujahideen factionsJamiat-e IslamiShura-e NazarHezb-e Islami GulbuddinMaktab al-KhidamatHezb-i Islami KhalisIttehad-e IslamiHarakat-i Inqilab-i IslamiJebh-e Nejat-e MelliMahaz-e MilliHaqqani NetworkSome Ahmadzai tribesShia Mujahideen factionsSazman i NasrHezbollah AfghanistanHarakat i-IslamiShura CouncilCorps of Islamic Revolution Guardians of AfghanistanIRMUIFRaʽad PartyMaoist and other factionsALOSAMAAMFFSharafat Kuh FrontHarakat-e-MulaviNimruz FrontSettam-e-MelliAfghan Mellat PartyPakistani military unitsISISSG Pakistan Air ForceNLIXI CorpsStrengthSoviet Union:620,000 total personnel 115,000 (1986 estimate)120,000 (1987 estimate)DR Afghanistan:250,000 total personnel (1989, including Sarandoy and Khad)Mujahideen:200,000–250,000 fightersCasualties and lossesTotal: 658,402–669,949Soviet Union:14,453–26,0009,511 killed in combat2,386 died from wounds2,556 died from disease and accidents53,753 wounded264 missing415,932 hospitalized due to disease451 aircraft lost (including 333 helicopters)147 tanks lost1,314 IFVs/APCs lost433 artillery guns and mortars lost11,369 cargo and fuel tanker trucks lostDR Afghanistan:58,000+ killed (1980–1989)116,000+ wounded (1980–1989)Total killed: 72,453–73,052+Total: 162,579–192,579+Mujahideen:150,000–180,000 casualties (tentative estimate)75,000–90,000 killedPakistan:5,775 killed6,804 wounded1 F-16 fighter aircraft lost (lost to friendly fire, according to Pakistan) (shot down, according to Afghan authorities)Iran:2 Super cobras shot downTotal killed: 80,775–95,775+Civilian casualties (Afghan):1) 562,000 2) 1,000,000 dead 3) 1,500,000 dead4) 2,000,000 deadTotal deaths:Approximately 1–3 million killed3,000,000 wounded5,000,000 externally displaced2,000,000 internally displacedThe Soviet–Afghan War took place in Afghanistan from December 1979 to February 1989.
Hezbi IslamiHezb-e-Islami (also spelled Hezb-e Islami, Hezb-i-Islami, Hezbi-Islami, Hezbi Islami, lit. 'Islamic Party') was an Islamist organization that was commonly known for fighting the Communist Government of Afghanistan and their close ally the Soviet Union. Founded and led by Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, it was established in Afghanistan in 1976.
War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)BelligerentsInvasion (2001):United StatesNorthern AllianceUnited KingdomFranceCanadaItalyGermanyAustraliaNew ZealandIranInvasion (2001):Islamic Emirate of AfghanistanTalibanHaqqani networkNon-state allies:Al-Qaeda055 BrigadeIMUTNSMJTJISAF/RS phase (2001–2021):Islamic State of Afghanistan (2001–2002)Afghan Transitional Authority (2002–2004)Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (2004–2021)ISAF (2001–2014; 51 countries) United States United Kingdom Canada Germany Australia Italy New Zealand FranceTurkeyGeorgia (country)JordanBulgariaPolandRomaniaSpainCzech RepublicNorth MacedoniaDenmarkArmeniaAzerbaijanFinlandCroatiaHungaryNorwayLithuaniaMongoliaUnited Arab EmiratesBelgiumPortugalSlovakiaNetherlandsMontenegroLatviaSwedenAlbaniaUkraineBosnia–HerzegovinaGreeceIrelandIcelandEstoniaAustriaMalaysiaSloveniaColombiaSwitzerlandBahrainEl SalvadorLuxembourgSouth KoreaTongaSingaporeResolute Support (2015–2021; 36 countries)High Council of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (allegedly; from 2015)Khost Protection Force and other pro-government paramilitariesISAF/RS phase (2001–2021):TalibanHaqqani network (from 2002)Al-QaedaAQISTJA Taliban splinter groups Dadullah Front (from 2012)Fidai Mahaz (from 2013)Other allies:Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin(intermittently until 2016)Islamic Jihad Union(from 2002)Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (until 2015)Turkistan Islamic PartyLashkar-e-JhangviPakistani TalibanLashkar-e-IslamRS phase (2015–2021):Islamic State (from 2015) ISIL–KPIMUCommanders and leadersListHamid KarzaiAshraf GhaniGeorge W. BushBarack ObamaDonald TrumpJoe BidenDonald RumsfeldRobert GatesLeon PanettaChuck HagelAsh CarterJim MattisMark EsperLloyd AustinTony BlairGordon BrownDavid CameronTheresa MayBoris JohnsonGeoff HoonJohn ReidDesmond BrowneJohn HuttonRobert AinsworthLiam FoxPhilip HammondMichael FallonGavin WilliamsonPenelope MordauntBen WallaceJean ChrétienPaul MartinStephen HarperJustin TrudeauGerhard SchröderAngela MerkelJohn HowardKevin RuddJulia GillardTony AbbottMalcolm TurnbullScott MorrisonSilvio BerlusconiRomano ProdiMario MontiEnrico LettaMatteo RenziPaolo GentiloniGiuseppe ConteMario DraghiHelen ClarkJohn KeyBill EnglishJacinda ArdernKenneth F. McKenzie Jr.John F. CampbellList of former ISAF CommandersList of former RS Commanders Nangialai † Abdul Manan Niazi †ListMullah Omar#Akhtar MansourXHibatullah AkhundzadaObaidullah Akhund(POW)#Jalaluddin Haqqani#Sirajuddin HaqqaniMullah YaqoobAbdul Ghani BaradarOsama bin LadenXAyman al-ZawahiriMohammed AtefXAsim Umar†Muhammad RasulHaji NajibullahShahab al-MuhajirHafiz Saeed Khan† Mawlavi Habib Ur Rahman Abdul Haseeb Logari†Abdul Rahman Ghaleb†† Abdullah Orokzai (POW)Qari Hekmat†Mufti Nemat Dawood Ahmad Sofi † Mohamed Zahran † Ishfaq Ahmed Sofi †StrengthISAF: 130,000+ (peak strength)ANDSF: 307,947 (peak strength; January 2021)Resolute Support: 17,178 (peak strength; October 2019)Defence contractors: 117,227 (peak strength; Q2 2012)HCIEA: 3,000–3,500Khost Protection Force: 3,000–10,000 (2018)Taliban: 58,000–100,000 (2021) Haqqani network: 4,000–15,000 (2009)HIG: 1,500–2,000+ (2014)al-Qaeda: c. 300 in 2016 (c. 3,000 in 2001)Fidai Mahaz: 8,000 (2013)ISIL–KP: 3,500–4,000 (2018, in Afghanistan)Casualties and lossesAfghan security forces:66,000–92,000 killedNorthern Alliance:200 killedCoalition:Dead: 3,579 United States: 2,420 United Kingdom: 457Canada: 159France: 90Germany: 62Italy: 53Others: 338Wounded: 23,536 United States: 20,093United Kingdom: 2,188Canada: 2,071ContractorsDead: 3,917Wounded: 15,000+Total killed: 73,696–99,696Taliban insurgents:52,893–80,000+ killed (2,000+ al-Qaeda fighters)ISIL–KP:2,400+ killedCivilians killed: 46,319 Total killed: 176,206 (per Costs of War Project)212,191+ (per UCDP)Total killed in related insurgency in Pakistan: 66,650 The continued list includes nations who have contributed fewer than 200 troops as of November 2014.
Inter-Services IntelligenceThe Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) is the foreign intelligence agency of Pakistan. It is responsible for counterintelligence, espionage and conducting covert operations around the world. The main objective of the ISI is to covertly collect and analyse intelligence from overseas that is deemed relevant to Pakistan's national security and interests. The ISI reports to its agency executive which is the Director-General of Inter-Services Intelligence.
Mohammad Yunus KhalisMohammad Yunus Khalis (alternate spellings Yunis and Younas) (Pashto: محمد يونس خالص; c. 1919 – 19 July 2006) was a mujahideen commander in Afghanistan during the Soviet–Afghan War. His party was called Hezb-i-Islami ("Islamic Party"), the same as Gulbuddin Hekmatyar's party. The two are commonly differentiated as Hezb-e Islami Khalis and Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin.
Muslim BrotherhoodThe Society of the Muslim Brothers (Arabic: جماعة الإخوان المسلمين, romanized: Jamāʿat al-Ikhwān al-Muslimīn), better known as the Muslim Brotherhood (الإخوان المسلمون, al-Ikhwān al-Muslimūn), is a transnational Sunni Islamist organization founded in Egypt by Islamic scholar, imam and schoolteacher Hassan al-Banna in 1928.
AbbreviationAn abbreviation (from Latin'short') is a shortened form of a word or phrase, by any method including shortening, contraction, initialism (which includes acronym), or crasis. An abbreviation may be a shortened form of a word, usually ended with a trailing full stop (period). For example, the term etc. is the usual abbreviation for the Latin phraseet cetera.
DariEastern variety of Persian Dari, also known as Farsi Dari, Dari Persian, Eastern Persian, or Afghan Persian, is the variety of the Persian language spoken in Afghanistan. Dari is the Afghan government's official term for the Persian language; it is referred to as Afghan Persian or Eastern Persian in many Western sources. The decision to rename the local variety of Persian in 1964 was more political than linguistic to support an Afghan state narrative.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.