Organic chemistryOrganic chemistry is a subdiscipline within chemistry involving the scientific study of the structure, properties, and reactions of organic compounds and organic materials (i.e. matter in its various forms that contain carbonatoms). It involves studying the structure of organic material to determine the structural formula, analyzing physical and chemical properties, and evaluating chemical reactivity to understand the behavior of organic compounds.
PyrroleNames Preferred IUPAC name1H-PyrroleOther names AzoleImidoleIdentifiers CAS Number109-97-73D model (JSmol)Interactive imageInteractive imageBeilstein Reference1159 ChEBICHEBI:19203ChEMBLChEMBL16225ChemSpider7736ECHA InfoCard100.003.387EC Number203-724-7Gmelin Reference1705 PubChemCID8027RTECS numberUX9275000UNII86S1ZD6L2CUN number1992, 1993 CompTox Dashboard(EPA)DTXSID5021910InChIInChI=1S/C4H5N/c1-2-4-5-3-1/h1-5HKey: KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-NInChI=1/C4H5N/c1-2-4-5-3-1/h1-5HSMILESN1C=CC=C1[nH]1cccc1Properties Chemical formulaC4H5NMolar mass67.091 g·mol Appearance colorless volatile liquid Density0.967 g cm Melting point−23 °C (−9 °F; 250 K) Boiling point129 to 131 °C (264 to 268 °F; 402 to 404 K) Vapor pressure7 mmHg at 23 °C Acidity (pKa) 17.5 (for the N−H proton) Basicity (pKb) 13.6 (pKa 0.4 for C.A.) Magnetic susceptibility (χ)−47.6×10 cm molViscosity0.001225 Pa s Thermochemistry Heat capacity(C)1.903 J K mol Std enthalpy offormation(ΔfH298)108.2 kJ mol (gas) Std enthalpy ofcombustion(ΔcH298)2242 kJ mol Hazards NFPA 704 (fire diamond) 220Flash point33.33 °C (91.99 °F; 306.48 K) Autoignitiontemperature550 °C (1,022 °F; 823 K) Explosive limits3.1–14.8% Safety data sheet (SDS) Chemical Safety DataRelated compounds Related compoundsPhosphole, arsole, bismole, stiboleExcept where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).Yverify ( ?)
CarbazoleCarbazole is an aromaticheterocyclicorganic compound. It has a tricyclic structure, consisting of two six-membered benzene rings fused on either side of a five-membered nitrogen-containing ring. The compound's structure is based on the indole structure, but in which a second benzene ring is fused onto the five-membered ring at the 2–3 position of indole (equivalent to the 9a–4a double bond in carbazole, respectively). Carbazole is a constituent of tobacco smoke.
AcridineAcridine is an organic compound and a nitrogen heterocycle with the formula C13H9N. Acridines are substituted derivatives of the parent ring. It is a planar molecule that is structurally related to anthracene with one of the central CH groups replaced by nitrogen. Like the related molecules pyridine and quinoline, acridine is mildly basic. It is an almost colorless solid, which crystallizes in needles.
Cyclic compoundA cyclic compound (or ring compound) is a chemical compound which includes a ring. Rings have three or more atoms, and include examples where all the atoms are carbon (i.e., are carbocycles), none of the atoms are carbon (inorganic cyclic compounds), or where both carbon and non-carbon atoms are present (heterocyclic compounds with rings containing both carbon and non-carbon).
BorazineNames Preferred IUPAC name1,3,5,2,4,6-Triazatriborinane (only preselected)Other names CyclotriborazaneborazolInorganic benzeneBorazoleIdentifiers CAS Number6569-51-33D model (JSmol)Interactive imageChEBICHEBI:33119ChemSpider122374ECHA InfoCard100.169.303PubChemCID138768UNIICEM55A0275CompTox Dashboard(EPA)DTXSID60894104InChIInChI=1S/B3H6N3/c1-4-2-6-3-5-1/h1-6HKey: BGECDVWSWDRFSP-UHFFFAOYSA-NInChI=1/B3H6N3/c1-4-2-6-3-5-1/h1-6HKey: BGECDVWSWDRFSP-UHFFFAOYAUSMILES[BH-]1-[NH+]=[BH-]-[NH+]=[BH-]-[NH+]=1Properties Chemical formulaB3H6N3Molar mass80.50 g/mol Appearance Colorless liquid Density0.81 g/cm Melting point−58 °C (−72 °F; 215 K) Boiling point53 °C (127 °F; 326 K) (55 °C at 105 Pa) Magnetic susceptibility (χ)−49.6·10 cm/mol Hazards NFPA 704 (fire diamond) 221Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).Yverify ( ?)
IndoleChemical compoundChemical compoundIndole is an organic compound with the formula C6H4CCNH3. Indole is classified as an aromaticheterocycle. It has a bicyclic structure, consisting of a six-membered benzene ring fused to a five-membered pyrrole ring. Indoles are derivatives of indole where one or more of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by substituent groups. Indoles are widely distributed in nature, most notably as amino acidtryptophan and neurotransmitterserotonin..
QuinolineNames Preferred IUPAC nameQuinolineSystematic IUPAC name1-BenzopyridineBenzo[b]pyridine2-Azabicyclo[4.4.0]deca-1(6),2,4,7,9-pentaene2-Azabicyclo[4.4.0]deca-1,3,5,7,9-pentaeneBenzo[b]azineBenzo[b]azabenzeneOther names 1-Azanaphthalene1-BenzazineBenzazineBenzazabenzeneBenzopyridine1-BenzineQuinolinChinolineChinoleineChinolinLeucolLeukolLeucolineIdentifiers CAS Number91-22-53D model (JSmol)Interactive imageInteractive imageBeilstein Reference107477 ChEBICHEBI:17362ChEMBLChEMBL14474ChemSpider6780ECHA InfoCard100.001.865EC Number202-051-6Gmelin Reference27201 KEGGC06413MeSHQuinolinesPubChemCID7047RTECS numberVA9275000UNIIE66400VT9RUN number2656 CompTox Dashboard(EPA)DTXSID1021798InChIInChI=1S/C9H7N/c1-2-6-9-8(4-1)5-3-7-10-9/h1-7HKey: SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-NInChI=1/C9H7N/c1-2-6-9-8(4-1)5-3-7-10-9/h1-7HKey: SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYAUSMILESn1cccc2ccccc12C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C=CC=N2Properties Chemical formulaC9H7N Molar mass129.16g/mol Appearance Colorless oily liquid Density1.093g/mL Melting point−15 °C (5 °F; 258 K) Boiling point237 °C (459 °F; 510 K) , 760mm Hg; 108–110 °C (226–230 °F), 11mm Hg Solubility in waterSlightly soluble SolubilitySoluble in alcohol, ether, and carbon disulfide Acidity (pKa) 4.85 (conjugated acid) Magnetic susceptibility (χ)−86.0·10cm/mol Thermochemistry Std enthalpy offormation(ΔfH298)174.9kJ·mol Hazards GHS labelling: PictogramsSignal wordDangerHazard statementsH302, H312, H315, H319, H341, H350, H411Precautionary statementsP201, P202, P264, P270, P273, P280, P281, P301+P312, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P312, P321, P322, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P363, P391, P405, P501NFPA 704 (fire diamond) 210Flash point101 °C (214 °F; 374 K) Autoignitiontemperature400 °C (752 °F; 673 K) Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): LD50 (median dose)331mg/kg Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).Yverify ( ?)
HeteroatomIn chemistry, a heteroatom (from Ancient Greek heteros 'different' and atomos 'uncut') is, strictly, any atom that is not carbon or hydrogen.
CelluloseCellulose is an organic compound with the formula(C6H10O5)n, a polysaccharide consisting of a linear chain of several hundred to many thousands of β(1→4) linkedD-glucose units. Cellulose is an important structural component of the cell walls of green plants, many forms of algae, the oomycetes, and test of sea squirts. Some species of bacteria secrete it to form biofilms. Cellulose is the most abundant organic polymer on Earth.
BiomassBiomass is material produced by the growth of microorganisms, plants or animals. Beyond this general definition, there are differences in how the term is used and applied depending on industry or subject-matter norms. For example, it may be more narrowly defined as just plant matter, or as a combination of plant and animal matter.
Nitrogen–↑N↓Pcarbon ← nitrogen → oxygen
Nucleic acidNucleic acids are large biomolecules that are crucial in all cells and viruses. They are composed of nucleotides, which are the monomer components: a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base. The two main classes of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). If the sugar is ribose, the polymer is RNA; if the sugar is deoxyribose, a variant of ribose, the polymer is DNA.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.