Valéry Giscard d'EstaingValéry René Marie Georges Giscard d'Estaing (UK: , US: ; French:; 2 February 1926 – 2 December 2020), also known as simply Giscard or VGE, was President of France from 1974 to 1981. After serving as Minister of Finance under prime ministers Jacques Chaban-Delmas and Pierre Messmer, Giscard d'Estaing won the presidential election of 1974 with 50.8% of the vote against François Mitterrand of the Socialist Party.
Social Democratic Party of GermanyCentre-left political party in GermanyThe Social Democratic Party of Germany is a centre-left social democraticpolitical party in Germany. It is one of the major parties of contemporary Germany. Lars Klingbeil has been the party's leader since the 2021 SPD federal Party convention together with Bärbel Bas, who joined him in June 2025. After losing the 2025 federal election, the party is part of the Merz government as the junior coalition partner.
Chancellor of GermanyThe chancellor of Germany, officially the federal chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany, is the head of government of Germany. The chancellor is elected by the Bundestag on the proposal of the federal president and without debate (Article 63 of the German Constitution). During a state of defence declared by the Bundestag the chancellor also assumes the position of commander-in-chief of the Bundeswehr.
Willy BrandtPersonal detailsBornHerbert Ernst Karl Frahm(1913-12-18)18 December 1913Free City of Lübeck, German EmpireDied8 October 1992(1992-10-08) (aged 78)Unkel, Rhineland-Palatinate, GermanyResting placeZehlendorf, BerlinCitizenshipGermany (revoked 1938; regained 1948)Norway (1940–1948)PartySocial Democratic Party (1930–1931; from 1948)Other politicalaffiliationsSocialist Workers' Party (1931–1946)SpousesCarlotta Thorkildsen(m. 1941; div.
BundeswehrCombined military forces of GermanyThe Bundeswehr (German:, lit.Federal Defence) are the armed forces of the Federal Republic of Germany. The Bundeswehr is divided into a military part (armed forces or Streitkräfte) and a civil part. The military part consists of the four armed forces: German Army, German Navy, German Air and Space Force and Cyber and Information Domain Service, which are supported by the Bundeswehr Joint Support Command.
Federal Ministry of Finance (Germany)The Federal Ministry of Finance (German: Bundesministerium der Finanzen, pronounced; abbreviated BMF) is the cabinet-levelfinance ministry of Germany, with its seat at the Detlev-Rohwedder-Haus in Berlin and a secondary office in Bonn.
Economic and Monetary Union of the European UnionThe economic and monetary union (EMU) of the European Union is a group of policies aimed at converging the economies of member states of the European Union at three stages. There are three stages of the EMU, each of which consists of progressively closer economic integration. Only once a state participates in the third stage it is permitted to adopt the euro as its official currency. As such, the third stage is largely synonymous with the eurozone.
World War IIGlobal conflict from 1939 to 1945BelligerentsAlliesAxisCommanders and leadersMain Allied leaders: Joseph StalinFranklin D. RooseveltWinston ChurchillChiang Kai-shekMain Axis leaders: Adolf HitlerHirohitoBenito MussoliniCasualties and losses 60–75 million deaths (military and civilian) World War II, or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945), was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies and the Axis powers.
Federal Ministry of Defence (Germany)The Federal Ministry of Defence (German: Bundesministerium der Verteidigung, pronounced; abbreviated BMVg) is a top-level federal agency, headed by the Federal Minister of Defence as a member of the Cabinet of Germany. The ministry is headquartered at the Hardthöhe barracks itself located at the Hardthöhe district in Bonn and has a second office in the Bendlerblock building in Berlin, which is occasionally used as a metonym to denote the entire Ministry.Free Democratic PartyThe Free Democratic Party (German: Freie Demokratische Partei, FDP, German pronunciation:) is a liberal political party in Germany. The FDP was founded in 1948 by members of former liberal political parties in Germany before World War II, namely the German Democratic Party and the German People's Party.
European Central BankSupranational central bank in EuropeEuro monetary policy Euro zone inflation year/year M3 money supply increases Marginal Lending Facility Main Refinancing Operations Deposit Facility Rate EuriborSeat of the European Central BankFrankfurt am Main, the European Central Bank from Alte MainbrückeEuropean Central Bank – Blue hour 2023The European Central Bank (ECB) is the central component of the Eurosystem and the European System of Central Banks (ESCB) as well as one of seven institutions of the European Union.
WehrmachtThe Wehrmacht (German pronunciation: [ˈveːɐ̯maxt] , lit. 'defence force') were the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945. It consisted of the Heer (army), the Kriegsmarine (navy) and the Luftwaffe (air force). The designation "Wehrmacht" replaced the previously used term Reichswehr (Reich Defence) and was the manifestation of the Nazi regime's efforts to rearm Germany to a greater extent than the Treaty of Versailles permitted.
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