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In information handling, the U.S. Federal Standard 1037C (Glossary of Telecommunication Terms) defines a hard copy as a permanent reproduction, or copy, in the form of a physical object, of any media suitable for direct use by a person (in particular paper), of displayed or transmitted data. Examples of hard copies include teleprinter pages, continuous printed tapes, computer printouts, and radio photo prints.

Federal Standard 1037CFederal Standard 1037CFederal Standard 1037C, titled Telecommunications: Glossary of Telecommunication Terms, is a United States Federal Standard issued by the General Services Administration pursuant to the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949, as amended.TypesettingTypesettingTypesetting is the composition of text for publication, display, or distribution by means of arranging physical type (or sort) in mechanical systems or glyphs in digital systems representing characters (letters and other symbols). Stored types are retrieved and ordered according to a language's orthography for visual display. Typesetting requires one or more fonts (which are widely but erroneously confused with and substituted for typefaces).PaperPaperPaper is a thin sheet of matted cellulosefibers. Largely derived from lignocellulose, paper is created from a pulp dissolved into a slurry that is drained and dried into sheets. Different types of paper are defined by constituent fiber, paper pulp, sizing, coating, paper size, paper density and grammage.TeleprinterTeleprinterA teleprinter (teletypewriter, teletype or TTY) is an electromechanical device used to send and receive typed messages through various communications channels, in both point-to-point and point-to-multipoint configurations. Initially, teleprinters were used in telegraphy. Electrical telegraphy had been developed decades earlier in the late 1830s and 1840s, then using simpler Morse key equipment and telegraph operators.Punched tapePunched tapePunched tape or perforated paper tape is a form of data storage that consists of a long strip of paper through which small holes are punched. It was developed from and was subsequently used alongside punched cards, the difference being that the tape is continuous. Punched cards, and chains of punched cards, were used for control of looms in the 18th century. Use for telegraphy systems started in 1842.Floppy diskFloppy diskRemovable disk storage medium8-inch (200 mm), 5.25-inch (130 mm), and 3.5-inch (90 mm) floppy disks8-inch (200 mm), 5.25-inch (130 mm) (full height), and 3.5-inch (90 mm) drivesA 3.5-inch (90 mm) floppy disk removed from its housingA floppy disk, diskette, or floppy diskette is a type of disk storage made from a thin, flexible disk coated with a magnetic storage medium.DataDataData ( , US also ) is a collection of discrete or continuous values that conveys information, describing the quantity, quality, fact, statistics, other basic units of meaning, or simply sequences of symbols that may be further interpreted formally. A datum, data value or data point is an individual value in a collection of data.Magnetic tapeMagnetic tapeMagnetic tape is a medium for magnetic storage made of a thin, magnetizable coating on a long, narrow strip of plastic film. It was developed in Germany in 1928, based on the earlier magnetic wire recording from Denmark. Devices that use magnetic tape can record and play back audio, visual, and digital computer data. Magnetic tape revolutionized sound recording and reproduction and broadcasting.Data processingData processing is the collection and manipulation of digital data to produce meaningful information. Data processing is a form of information processing, which is the modification (processing) of information in any manner detectable by an observer.Computer securityComputer securityProtection of computer systems from information disclosure, theft or damageComputer security (also cybersecurity, digital security, or information technology (IT) security) is a subdiscipline within the field of information security.Information AgeInformation AgeIndustrial shift to information technologyA laptop connected to the Internet displaying information from Wikipedia. Long-distance communication between computer systems is a hallmark of the Information Age.LocationWorldwideKey eventsInvention of the transistor (1947)Mass adoption of PCs (1980s)Commercialization of the Internet (1990s)Alternate name:Digital RevolutionCore Catalyst: Transition from analog and mechanical tech to digital electronics.Cathode ray tubeCathode ray tubeVacuum tube used to display imagesCathode ray tube cross section diagram (not to scale) with its focused and deflected electron beam (in green)Oscilloscope cathode ray tubeCutaway rendering of a color CRT:Electron guns (cathodes) for red, green, and blueElectron beamsFocusing coilsDeflection coilsAnode connectionShadow mask for separating beams for red, green, and blue parts of the displayed imagePhosphor layerClose-up of the phosphor layer showing red, green, and blue zonesCutaway rendering of a monochrome CRT:Deflection coilsElectron beamFocusing coilPhosphor layerFilament for heating the cathodeGraphite layer on the inner side of the tubeAnode connectionElectron gun (cathode)Air-tight glass body of the tubeScreenDeflection yokeControl electrode modulating the intensity of the electron beamContact pins for cathode, filament and control electrodeWire for anode high voltageThe only visible differences are the single electron gun, the uniform white phosphor coating, and the lack of a shadow mask.A Macintosh computer from the 1990s with integrated CRT displayA cathode ray tube (CRT) is a vacuum tube containing one or more electron guns, which emit electron beams, which are directed and controlled to display images on a phosphorescent screen.dead treedead treeRelated word or term.hard copyhard copyRelated word or term.printoutprintoutRelated word or term.

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