Battle of Breitenfeld (1631)BelligerentsSwedenSaxonyHoly Roman EmpireCatholic LeagueCommanders and leadersGustavus AdolphusGustav HornJohan BanérLennart TorstenssonJohann George IHans Georg von ArnimCount of Tilly (WIA)Gottfried zu Pappenheim (WIA)Egon von Fürstenberg (WIA)Units involved See Order of Battle See Order of BattleStrength 40,150, 66 guns 31,400, 27 gunsCasualties and losses 5,550 killed or wounded 7,600 killed or wounded 6,000 capturedBreitenfeldBreitenfeld (Germany)Show map of GermanyThe Battle of Breitenfeld, 17 September 1631, took place during the Thirty Years' War outside Breitenfeld, Leipzig, in modern Saxony.
Battle of Lützen (1632)BelligerentsHoly Roman EmpireCatholic LeagueSwedish EmpireSaxonyHesse-KasselCommanders and leadersWallensteinPappenheim (DOW)Heinrich HolkGustavus Adolphus†Bernard of Saxe-WeimarKnyphausenStrength 19,175 total 43 guns 18,738 60 gunsCasualties and losses 5,160 killed, wounded or taken prisoner, 24 guns captured 6,000 killed or woundedThe Battle of Lützen, fought on 16 November 1632, was one of the most important of the Thirty Years' War.
Thirty Years' WarThe Thirty Years' War, fought primarily in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648, was one of the most destructive conflicts in European history. An estimated 4.5 to 8 million soldiers and civilians died from the effects of battle, famine, or disease, with parts of Germany reporting population declines of more than 50%.
Swedish EmpireThe Swedish Empire, referred to in Sweden as the Great Power Era (Swedish: stormaktstiden), was the period in Swedish history spanning much of the 17th and early 18th centuries during which Sweden was a European great power that exercised territorial control over much of the Baltic region. During this period, it also held territories on the North Sea including overseas colonies, such as New Sweden.
Lord High Chancellor of SwedenThe Lord High Chancellor (Swedish: Rikskansler, lit.'Chancellor of the Realm') was the effective head of government in Sweden, from 1538 to 1799, with periods of vacancy. The office holder was a member, and typically the leader, of the Privy Council.
Riksdag of the EstatesRiksdag of the Estates (Swedish: Riksens ständer; informally Swedish: ståndsriksdagen) was the name used for the Estates of Sweden when they were assembled. Until its dissolution in 1866, the institution was the highest authority in Sweden next to the King.
LatinLatin (lingua Latina or Latinum) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally spoken by the Latins in Latium (now known as Lazio), the lower Tiber area around Rome, Italy. Through the expansion of the Roman Republic, it became the dominant language in the Italian Peninsula and subsequently throughout the Roman Empire.
Swedish languageSwedish (endonym: svenska [ˈsvɛ̂nːska] ) is a North Germanic language from the Indo-European language family, spoken predominantly in Sweden and parts of Finland. It has at least 10 million native speakers, making it the fourth most spoken Germanic language, and the first among its type in the Nordic countries overall.
Axel OxenstiernaAxel Gustafsson Oxenstierna (Swedish: [ˈǎksɛl ˈʊ̂ksɛnˌɧæːɳa] ; 1583–1654) was a Swedish statesman and Count of Södermöre. He became a member of the Swedish Privy Council in 1609 and served as Lord High Chancellor of Sweden from 1612 until his death. He was a confidant of King Gustavus Adolphus and then Queen Christina, for whom he was at first regent. Oxenstierna is widely considered one of the most influential people in Swedish history.
Combined armsCombined arms is an approach to warfare that seeks to integrate different combat arms of a military to achieve mutually complementary effects—for example, using infantry and armour in an urban environment in which each supports the other.
Old Style and New Style datesOld Style (O.S.) and New Style (N.S.) indicate dating systems before and after a calendar change, respectively. Usually, they refer to the change from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar as enacted in various European countries between 1582 and 1923. Consequently, the same day can have two dates, one for each calendar used to record it.
Monarchy of SwedenThe monarchy of Sweden is centred on the monarchical head of state of Sweden, by law a constitutional and with a parliamentary system. There have been kings in what now is the Kingdom of Sweden for more than a millennium. Originally an elective monarchy, it became a in the 16th century during the reign of Gustav Vasa, though virtually all monarchs before that belonged to a limited and small number of political families which are considered to be the royal dynasties of Sweden.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.