Guelphs and GhibellinesBelligerentsGuelphsHoly See (Papacy)1st phaseLombard League2nd phaseWelfen (Empire)Pro-AngevinSicilyPapal StatesPro-Guelph FlorencePro-Guelph Milan led by Della TorreHouse of Della TorreCommune of BolognaRepublic of SienaRepublic of LuccaRepublic of GenoaMarch of FerraraRepublic of MassaPro-Guelph MontferratCounty of SavoyRepublic of AnconaPatriarchate of AquileiaLodiPerugiaMantuaOrvietoVariable Italian city-statesGhibellinesHoly Roman Empire1st phaseHoly Roman Empire2nd phaseStaufen (Empire)Pro-StaufenSicilyMarch of TrevisoCounty of UrbinoPro-Ghibelline FlorencePro-Ghibelline Milan led by ViscontiRepublic of SienaRepublic of LuccaRepublic of PisaDuchy of ModenaRepublic of MassaPro-Ghibelline MontferratPaviaCommune of TerniAstiTodiSanta FioraVariable Italian city-states Empire of NicaeaCrown of AragonCommanders and leaders1st phaseGuido da Landriano2nd phase Emperor Otto IVPope Gregory IXPope Celestine IVPope John XXIIOttaviano degli UbaldiniCharles of AnjouJohn III of ArmagnacAzzo VII, Marquis of Ferrara1st phaseEmperor Frederick I2nd phaseEmperor Frederick IIEmperor Henry VIIEmperor Louis IVEzzelino III da RomanoEnzo of SardiniaManfred of SicilyGuido I, Count of UrbinoThe Guelphs and Ghibellines ( , US also ; Italian: guelfi e ghibellini) were factions supporting the Pope (Guelphs) and the Holy Roman Emperor (Ghibellines) in the Italian city-states of Central and Northern Italy during the Middle Ages.Cavalcante de' CavalcantiCavalcante de' Cavalcanti (flourished c. 1250; died c. 1280) was a Florentine philosopher and father of Guido Cavalcanti, a close friend of Dante Alighieri. Cavalcanti was a wealthy member of the Guelph faction of Florentine aristocrats. He was a merchant banker who, with others, lent money under usurious conditions during the crusades with the consent and support of the papacy.[1] In 1257 Cavalcanti served as Podestà (chief magistrate) of the Umbrian city of Gubbio.
Guido GuinizelliGuido Guinizelli (c. 1225 – 1276) was an Italian love poet and is considered the "father" of the Dolce Stil Novo. He was the first to write in this new style of poetry writing, and thus is held to be the ipso facto founder. He was born in, and later exiled from, Bologna, Italy. It is speculated that he died in Verona, Italy.
Dolce Stil NovoDolce Stil Novo (Italian pronunciation:, 'sweet new style') was a literary movement in 13th and 14th century Italy. Influenced by the Sicilian School and Tuscan poetry, its main theme is Divine Love. The name Dolce Stil Novo was used for the first time by Dante Alighieri in Purgatorio, the second canticle of the Divina Commedia.
Farinata degli UbertiManente degli Uberti (1212 – 11 November 1264), known as Farinata degli Uberti, was an Italian aristocrat, knight, and military leader of the Ghibelline faction in Florence. He was considered to be a heretic by some of his contemporaries, including Dante Alighieri, who mentioned Farinata in his Inferno. LifeFarinata belonged to one of the most ancient and prominent noble families of Florence, his native city.
Courtly loveCourtly love (Occitan: fin'amor; French: amour courtois) was a medieval European literary conception of love that emphasized nobility and chivalry. Medieval literature is filled with examples of knights setting out on adventures and performing various deeds or services for ladies because of their "courtly love".
Giovanni BoccaccioGiovanni Boccaccio (16 June 1313 – 21 December 1375) was an Italian writer, poet, correspondent of Petrarch, and an important Renaissance humanist. Born in the town of Certaldo, he gained sufficient notoriety to be known simply as "the Certaldese". Boccaccio ranked among the most important figures in the European literary panorama of the fourteenth century.
RenaissanceEuropean cultural period of the 14th to 17th centuriesThe Renaissance (UK: , US: ) was a European period of history and cultural movement taking place at the end of the Late Middle Ages and the beginning of the early modern era. It is variously defined as covering the 15th and 16th centuries or, more broadly, as lasting from the 14th century to the 17th.
Sicilian SchoolThe Sicilian School was a small community of Sicilian and mainland Italian poets gathered around Frederick II, most of them belonging to his imperial court in Palermo. Headed by Giacomo da Lentini, they produced more than 300 poems of courtly love between 1230 and 1266, the experiment being continued after Frederick's death by his son, Manfred. It is considered the beginning of .
TroubadourA troubadour (; French:; Occitan: trobador) was a composer and performer of Old Occitanlyric poetry during the High Middle Ages (1100–1350). Since the word troubadour is etymologically masculine, a female equivalent is usually called a trobairitz. The troubadour school or tradition began in the late 11th century in Occitania, but it subsequently spread to the Italian and Iberian Peninsulas.
Dante AlighieriDante Alighieri (Italian: [ˈdante aliˈɡjɛːri]; most likely baptized Durante di Alighiero degli Alighieri; c. May 1265 – September 14, 1321), widely known mononymously as Dante, was an Italian poet, writer, and philosopher.
ItaliansEthnic group native to ItalyEthnic groupItalians (Italian: italiani, pronounced) are an ethnic group and nation native to the Italian geographical region. Italians share a common culture, history, ancestry and language. Their ancestors, differing regionally, include the various Italic peoples, notably among them the ancient Romans, who helped create and evolve the Italian identity.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.