Ottoman EmpireThe Ottoman Empire, also known historically as Turkey or the Turkish Empire, was a state that spanned much of Southeastern Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th century to the early 20th century, centred in modern-day Turkey. It also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe between the early 16th and early 18th centuries.
Greek diasporaThe Greek diaspora, also known as Omogenia (Greek: Ομογένεια, romanized: Omogéneia), are the communities of Greeks living outside of Greece and Cyprus. Such places historically (dating to the ancient period) include, Albania, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, southern Russia, Ukraine, Asia Minor and Pontus (in today's Turkey), Georgia, Egypt, Levant, southern Italy (Magna Graecia), Sicily, Cargèse and Marseille in France.
Celebration of the Greek RevolutionThe celebration of the Greek Revolution of 1821 (Greek: Εορτασμός της Ελληνικής Επανάστασης του 1821, romanized: Eortasmós tis Ellinikís Epanástasis tou 1821), less commonly known as Independence Day, takes place in Greece, Cyprus, and Greek diaspora centres on 25 March every year, coinciding with the Feast of the Annunciation. The day is a public holiday in Greece and Cyprus.
GreeceCountry in Southeastern EuropeGreece, officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country located mostly on the Balkan peninsula of Southeastern Europe, with thousands of islands extending geographically to Asia Minor. It has a population of around 10 million. With nine regions and up to 227 inhabited islands, it has the longest coastline on the . The Ionian Sea is west of the mainland, Albania northwest, and North Macedonia and Bulgaria north.
Fall of ConstantinopleBelligerentsOttoman EmpireSerbian DespotateByzantine EmpireRepublic of GenoaRepublic of VenicePapal StatesCrown of AragonKingdom of SicilyKingdom of FranceVarangian GuardOrhan Çelebi loyalistsCommanders and leadersMehmed IIHalil PashaZagan PashaSuleiman Baltoghlu (WIA)Karaca PashaHamza BeyMahmud PashaUlubatlı Hasan†Hadım ŞehabeddinConstantine XI†Loukas NotarasTheophilos Palaiologos†Demetrios KantakouzenosAndronikos KantakouzenosGiovanni Giustiniani (DOW)Gabriele Trevisano(POW)Alviso Diedo (WIA)Gabriele Orsini del Balzo†Cardinal Isidore(POW)Johannes Grant†Orhan ÇelebiStrengthLand forces: 100,000 soldiers in total, including:75,000 regulars20,000 irregulars5,000 JanissariesNaval forces:31 galleys95 large row boatsUnknown but large amount of Non-combatantsLand forces: Less than 8,000 soldiers in total, including:5,000 Byzantine soldiers2,000 Western soldiers600 Orhan Çelebi loyalists200 Catalan retinue200 Cretan archersNaval forces:26 ships10 Byzantine8 Venetian5 Genoese1 Catalan1 Anconitan1 ProvençalCasualties and losses Heavy Heavy 4,000 Byzantine civilians killed550+ Venetian civilians killed30,000 enslaved or soldConstantinople, the capital city of the Byzantine Empire, was captured by the Ottoman Empire on 29 May 1453 as part of the culmination of a 53-day siege which had begun on 6 April.
GreeksEthnic group and nationEthnic groupGreeks or Hellenes (; Greek: Έλληνες, Éllines) are an ethnic group and nation native to Greece, Cyprus, southern Albania, Turkey, southern Italy, parts of Egypt, and to a lesser extent, other countries surrounding the and the Black Sea. They also form a significant diaspora (omogenia) around the world.
Ionian IslandsThe Ionian Islands (Modern Greek: Ιόνια νησιά, Ionia nisia; Ancient Greek, Katharevousa: Ἰόνιαι Νῆσοι, Ioniai Nēsoi) are a group of islands in the Ionian Sea, west of mainland Greece. They are traditionally called the Heptanese ("Seven Islands"; Ἑπτάνησα, Heptanēsa or Ἑπτάνησος, Heptanēsos; Italian: Eptaneso), but the group includes many smaller islands in addition to the seven principal ones.
War of independenceA war of independence, also called a war of national liberation or war of liberation, is a conflict fought by a nation to gain independence. The term is used in conjunction with a war against foreign powers (or at least one perceived as foreign) to establish a separate sovereign state for the rebelling nationality. From a different point of view, such a war is called an insurgency or a rebellion.
Russian EmpireRussian state from 1721 to 1917The Russian Empire was an empire that extended across northern Eurasia from 1721 until the proclamation of the Russian Republic in 1917, forming the final era of Tsarist Russia and the wider Russian monarchy. At its height in the late 19th century, it covered about 22,800,000 km (8,800,000 sq mi), roughly one-sixth of the world's landmass, making it the third-largest empire in history, behind only the British and Mongol empires.
British EmpireThe British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. It began with the overseas possessions and trading posts established by England in the late 16th and early 17th centuries, and colonisation attempts by Scotland during the 17th century.
Ottoman EgyptAdministrative division of the Ottoman Empire from (1517–1867)Ottoman Egypt was an administrative division of the Ottoman Empire after the conquest of Mamluk Egypt by the Ottomans in 1517. The Ottomans administered Egypt as a province (eyalet) of their empire (Ottoman Turkish: ایالت مصر, romanized: Eyālet-i Mıṣr).
Bourbon Restoration in FranceMonarchy of France from 1815 to 1830 Kingdom of FranceRoyaume de France1815–1830 Flag Coat of arms Motto: Montjoie Saint Denis!Anthem: Le Retour des Princes français à Paris "The Return of the French Princes to Paris" The Kingdom of France in 1818CapitalParisCommon languagesFrenchReligion Catholic Church (state religion)CalvinismLutheranismJudaismDemonymFrenchGovernmentUnitary parliamentary semi-constitutional monarchyKing • 1815–1824 Louis XVIII• 1824–1830 Charles X President of the Council of Ministers • 1815 Charles de Talleyrand-Périgord• 1830 Casimir de Rochechouart LegislatureParliament• Upper houseChamber of Peers• Lower houseChamber of DeputiesHistory • Restoration 1815• Charter of 1815 adopted 1815• Invasion of Spain 6 April 1823• July Revolution 26–29 July 1830• End of the Restoration 9 August 1830 CurrencyFrench francISO 3166 codeFR Preceded by Succeeded by First French Empire July Monarchy Part of a series on the History of France Timeline Ancient Prehistory Greek colonies 600 BC – 49 BC Celtic Gaul until 50 BC Roman Gaul 50 BC – 486 AD Middle Ages Francia and the Frankish settlement Merovingians 481–751 Carolingians 751–987 West Francia 843–987 Kingdom of France 987–1792 Direct Capetians 987–1328 Valois 1328–1498 Early modernAncien Régime Valois-Orléans kings 1498–1515 Valois-Angoulême kings 1515–1589 Bourbon kings 1589–1792 Régence 1715–1723 Long 19th century French Revolution 1789–1799 Kingdom of France 1791–1792 First Republic 1792–1804 First Empire 1804–1814 Restoration 1814–1830 July Monarchy 1830–1848 Second Republic 1848–1852 Second Empire 1852–1870 Third Republic 1870–1940 Belle Époque 1871–1914 20th century Third Republic 1870–1940 Interwar period 1919–1939 Années folles 1920–1929 Free FranceVichy France 1940–1944 Provisional Republic 1944–1946 Fourth Republic 1946–1958 Fifth Republic 1958–present Topics Diplomacy Economy Health care Law LGBTQ Medicine Military Monarchs Consorts Politics Religion Taxation Territory France portal History portalvtePart of a series onConservatism in France Ideologies Bonapartism Gaullism Integralism nationalist Legitimism Maurrassisme Orléanism Révolution nationale Sarkozysm Ultramontanism Principles Anti-communism Counter-revolution Dirigisme Family values French culture Hierarchy Imperialism Meritocracy Metapolitics Monarchism Nationalism Nativism Noblesse oblige Natural order Patriotism Social order Souverainisme Traditional authority History Ancien régime Monarchiens Feuillant Constitutional Monarchy Catholic and Royal Armies War in the Vendée Thermidorian Reaction Chouannerie Chouan First White Terror Companions of Jehu Muscadins Second White Terror Bourbon Restoration Ultra-royalists Dreyfus affair Second French Empire Philippe Daudet affair Vichy France Algiers putsch of 1961 2024 The Republicans alliance crisis Intellectuals Ballanche Bainville Barbey d'Aurevilly Barruel Barrès Baudelaire de Benoist Blanc de Saint-Bonnet de Bonald Boutang Bruckner Brunetière Brague Cau de Chateaubriand Fustel de Coulanges Daudet Delsol Dumézil Faguet Faye Freund Girardet Guizot Guénon de Gobineau Houellebecq de Jouvenel Le Bon Lefebvre Lemaître Le Play Lugan Madiran de Maistre Morel Maffesoli Massis Maurras Maulnier Nimier Poulat Raspail Rémond Renan de Rivarol Rohmer Rougier Rueff Siegfried Taine de Tocqueville Thibon Literature Considerations on France (1796) The History of Jacobinism (1797) The Genius of Christianity (1802) The Pope (1819) St Petersburg Dialogues (1821) Democracy in America (1835) The Ancient City (1864) "What Is a Nation?"*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.