Cretan StateToday part ofGreeceThe Cretan State (Greek: Κρητική Πολιτεία, romanized: Kritiki Politeia; Ottoman Turkish: كرید دولتی, romanized: Girid Devleti) was an autonomous state governing the island of Crete from 1898 to 1913, under de juresuzerainty of the Ottoman Empire but with de facto independence secured by European Great Powers.
Ottoman CreteToday part ofGreeceThe island of Crete (Ottoman Turkish: كریت, romanized: Girit) was declared an Ottoman province (eyalet) in 1646, after the Turks conquered the western part of the island as part of the Cretan War, but the Venetiansmaintained their hold on the capital Candia, until 1669, when Francesco Morosini surrendered the keys of the town.
Prince George of Greece and DenmarkPrince George of Greece and Denmark (Greek: Γεώργιος, romanized: Geórgios; 24 June 1869 – 25 November 1957) was the second son and child of George I of Greece and Olga Konstantinovna of Russia. He served as high commissioner of the Cretan State during its transition towards independence from Ottoman rule and union (Enosis) with Greece.
Kingdom of GreeceToday part ofGreeceTurkey^ On 1 June 1973, the Greek military junta unilaterally abolished the monarchy, then held a rigged referendum on 29 July 1973.
Greek War of IndependenceBelligerents Greek revolutionaries In detail:KlephtsArmatoloiFiliki EteriaSacred BandMessenian SenatePeloponnesian SenateSenate of Western Continental GreeceAreopagus of Eastern Continental Greece Temporary regime of Crete Military-Political System of SamosAfter 1822:First Hellenic RepublicMilitary support:PhilhellenesCarbonari revolutionaries SerbianrevolutionariesMoldavian revolutionariesRussian EmpireKingdom of FranceUnited KingdomDiplomatic support:HaitiUnited StatesOttoman EmpireSupported by:EgyptRegency of AlgiersTripolitaniaTunisDanubian SichCommanders and leadersAlexander Ypsilantis#Demetrios YpsilantisIoannis KapodistriasTheodoros KolokotronisAlexandros MavrokordatosAndreas ZaimisGermanos III#Petros MavromichalisGeorgios Karaiskakis†Athanasios DiakosGrigorios Papaflessas†Andreas MetaxasMarkos Botsaris†Yannis MakriyannisNikitas StamatelopoulosEmmanouel Pappas#Anastasios KaratasosOdysseas AndroutsosAndreas MiaoulisKonstantinos KanarisLaskarina Bouboulina†Manto MavrogenousPhilhellenes:Lord Byron#Charles Nicolas FabvierRichard ChurchEuropean support:Nicholas ILodewijk HeidenHenri de RignyNicolas MaisonEdward CodringtonMahmud IINasuhzade Ali Pasha†Omer VrioniMahmud Dramali Pasha#Kara MehmedHursid Pasha†Koca Hüsrev Mehmed PashaMustafa Pasha BushatliReşid Mehmed PashaMehmed Selim PashaEgyptian support:Muhammad Ali PashaIbrahim PashaIsmael Gibraltar†Algerian support:Hussein DeyCasualties and losses 240,000+ total casualtiesThe Greek War of Independence, also known as the Greek Revolution or the Greek Revolution of 1821, was a successful war of independence fought by Greek revolutionaries against the Ottoman Empire from 1821 to 1829.
Ottoman EmpireThe Ottoman Empire, also known historically as Turkey or the Turkish Empire, was a state that spanned much of Southeastern Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th century to the early 20th century, centred in modern-day Turkey. It also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe between the early 16th and early 18th centuries.Ottoman Army (1861–1922)The Ottoman Army was the military land force of the Ottoman Empire after the country was reorganized along modern western European lines during the Tanzimat modernization period. In 1826, Sultan Mahmud II abolished the Janissary Corps, which had existed for centuries but was unable to adapt to modern military tactics and frequently rebelled. In its place, he established the Asakir-i Mansure-i Muhammediye (Victorious Soldiers of Prophet Muhammad) army that same year.
Colmar Freiherr von der GoltzWilhelm Leopold Colmar Freiherr von der Goltz (12 August 1843 – 19 April 1916), also known as Goltz Pasha, was a Prussianfield marshal and military writer. Early life and ancestryGoltz was born in Adlig Bielkenfeld, East Prussia (later renamed Goltzhausen; now Ivanovka, in Polessky District, Kaliningrad Oblast), into the impoverished noble Von der Goltz family, as the son of Erhard Wilhelm OttoFreiherr von der Goltz (1802-1849) and his wife, Palmine Schubert (1815-1893).
Great powerNation that has great political, social, and economic influence on a global scale Great powers are recognized in several international structures, including the United Nations Security Council.
High commissionerHigh-ranking executive position High commissioner is the title of various high-ranking, special executive positions held by a commission of appointment. The English term is also used to render various equivalent titles in other languages. Commonwealth Bilateral diplomacy The Tanzanian High Commission in London. Tanzania and the United Kingdom are both members of the Commonwealth of Nations.
SuzeraintyA suzerain (, from Old Frenchsus "above" + soverain "supreme, chief") is a person, state or polity who has supremacy and dominant influence over the foreign policy and economic relations of another subordinate party or polity, but allows internal autonomy to that subordinate. Where the subordinate polity is called a vassal, vassal state or tributary state, the dominant party is called the suzerain.
Military operationA military operation (op) is the coordinated military actions of a state, or a non-state actor, in response to a developing situation. These actions are designed as a military operation plan to resolve the situation in the state or actor's favor. Operations may be of a combat or non-combat nature and may be referred to by a code name for the purpose of national security.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.