Gaius GracchusGaius Sempronius Gracchus (c. 154 BC – 121 BC) was a reformist Roman politician and soldier who lived during the 2nd century BC. He is best known for his plebeian tribunates in 123 and 122 BC, during which he proposed a wide set of laws, including laws to establish colonies outside of Italy, engage in further land reform, reform the judicial system and system for provincial assignments, and create a subsidised grain supply for Rome.
Tiberius GracchusTiberius Sempronius Gracchus (; c. 163 – 133 BC) was a Roman politician best known for his agrarian reform law entailing the transfer of land from the Roman state and wealthy landowners to poorer citizens. He had also served in the Roman army, fighting in Africa during the Third Punic War and in Spain during the Numantine War.
Roman RepublicPeriod of Roman history (c. 509 – 27 BC) Roman RepublicRes publica Romanac.Lex agrariaA lex agraria (pl.: leges agrariae) was a Roman law which dealt primarily with the viritane allotment of public lands. Such laws came largely from two sources: the disposition of lands annexed by Rome in consequence of expansion and the distribution of existing public lands to poor citizens as freeholds. Such legislation dealt almost exclusively with public lands which were held by the state and not privately owned.
Social War (91–87 BC)BelligerentsRoman RepublicItalian allies Italian rebelsMarsic group:MarsiPaeligniVestiniMarruciniPicentesFrentaniSamnite group:SamnitesCampaniansIapygiansLucaniansHirpiniVenusiaCommanders and leadersLucius Julius CaesarPublius Rutilius Lupus†Gnaeus Pompeius StraboLucius Porcius Cato†Sextus Julius Caesar†Gaius MariusLucius Cornelius SullaQuintus Poppaedius Silo†Gaius Papius MutilusTitus Vettius Scato†Judacilius†Titus Afranius†Strength 175,000 men 130,000 menCasualties and losses 50,000 killed 50,000 killedc.
Roman economyThe study of the economies of the ancient city-state of Rome and its empire during the Republican and Imperial periods remains highly speculative. There are no surviving records of business and government accounts, such as detailed reports of tax revenues, and few literary sources regarding economic activity.
Tribune of the plebsSenatePrinceps senatusSenatus consultumSenatus consultum ultimumAssembliesCuriateCenturiateTribalPlebeianElectionsContionesPublic law and normsOther countriesTribune of the plebs, tribune of the people or plebeian tribune (Latin: tribunus plebis) was the first office of the Roman state that was open to the plebeians, and was, throughout the history of the Republic, the most important check on the power of the Roman Senate and magistrates.
French RevolutionThe French Revolution was a period resulting in the political and societal changes in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the Coup of 18 Brumaire on 9 November 1799. Many of the revolution's ideas are considered fundamental principles of liberal democracy, and its values remain central to modern French political discourse. It was caused by a combination of social, political, and economic factors which the existing regime proved unable to manage.
Tax farmingFarming or tax-farming is a technique of financial management in which the management of a variable revenue stream is assigned by legal contract to a third party and the holder of the revenue stream receives fixed periodic rents from the contractor.
François-Noël BabeufFrançois-Noël Babeuf (French: [fʁɑ̃swa nɔɛl babœf]; 23 November 1760 – 27 May 1797), also known as Gracchus Babeuf, was a French proto-communist, revolutionary, and journalist of the French Revolutionary period. His newspaper Le Tribun du Peuple (The Tribune of the People) was best known for its advocacy for the poor and calling for a popular revolt against the Directory, the government of France.
ReactionaryIn politics, a reactionary is a person who favors a restoration of a previous state of society which they believe possessed positive characteristics absent from contemporary society. As a descriptor term, reactionary derives from the ideological context of the left–right political spectrum.
Ager publicusLook up or in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
DemagogueA demagogue (; from Ancient Greek (dēmagōgós)'popular leader, mob leader'; from Ancient Greek (dêmos)'people, populace' and (agōgós)'leading, guiding'), or rabble-rouser, is a political leader in a democracy who gains popularity by arousing the common people against elites, especially through oratory that whips up the passions of crowds, appealing to emotion by scapegoating out-groups, exaggerating dangers to stoke fears, lying for emotional effect, or other rhetoric that tends to drown out reasoned deliberation and encourage fanatical popularity.
timocracyRelated word or term.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.