Beam bridgeType of bridge Beam bridgeMultispan plate girder bridge deck on concrete piers.Span rangeShortMaterialTimber, iron, steel, reinforced concrete, prestressed concreteMovableNoDesign effortLowFalsework requiredNo unless cast-in-place reinforced concrete is used Drvenija bridge, Sarajevo Beam bridges are the simplest structural forms for bridge spans supported by an abutment or pier at each end.
Swing bridgeA swing bridge (or swing span bridge) is a movable bridge that can be rotated horizontally around a vertical axis. It has as its primary structural support a vertical locating pin and support ring, usually at or near to its center of gravity, about which the swing span (turning span) can then pivot horizontally as shown in the animated illustration to the right.
Arch bridgeAn arch bridge is a bridge with abutments at each end shaped as a curved arch. Arch bridges work by transferring the weight of this bridge and its loads partially as horizontal thrust restrained by the abutments at either end, and partially as vertical loads on the arch supports. A viaduct (a long bridge) may be made from a series of arches, although other, more economical structures are typically used today.
BridgeStructure built to span physical obstaclesA bridge is a structure designed to span an obstacle, such as a river or railway, allowing vehicles, pedestrians, and other loads to pass across. Most bridges consist of a flat deck, supported by beams, arches, or cables. These structures rest on a foundation that is carefully designed to transfer the weight of the bridge to the subsoil without settling.
TrussA truss is an assembly of members such as beams, connected by nodes, that creates a rigid structure. In engineering, a truss is a structure that "consists of two-force members only, where the members are organized so that the assemblage as a whole behaves as a single object". A two-force member is a structural component where force is applied to only two points.
Deck (bridge)A deck is the surface of a bridge. A structural element of its superstructure, it may be constructed of concrete, steel, open grating, or wood. Sometimes the deck is covered by a railroad bed and track, asphalt concrete, or other form of pavement for ease of vehicle crossing. A concrete deck may be an integral part of the bridge structure (T-beam or double tee structure) or it may be supported with I-beams or steel girders.
Wrought ironWrought iron is an ironalloy with a very low carbon content (less than 0.05%) in contrast to that of cast iron (2.1% to 4.5%), or 0.25% for low-carbon "mild" steel. Wrought iron is manufactured by heating and melting high-carbon cast iron in an open charcoal or coke hearth or furnace in a process known as puddling. The high temperatures cause the excess carbon to oxidise, the iron being stirred or puddled during the process in order to achieve this.
Industrial Revolution1760–1840 agrarian to industrial era shiftA Roberts loom in a weaving shed in the United Kingdom in 1835LocationGreat BritainWestern EuropeNorth AmericaKey eventsMechanised textile productionCanal constructionSteam engineFactory systemIron production increaseThe Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution.
Ancient RomeIn modern historiography, ancient Rome is the Roman civilisation from the founding of the Italian city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD. It encompasses the Roman Kingdom (753–509 BC), the Roman Republic (509–27 BC), and the Roman Empire (27 BC – 476 AD) until the fall of the western empire.
ArchAn arch is a curved vertical structure spanning an open space underneath it. Arches may support the load above them, or they may perform a purely decorative role. As a decorative element, the arch dates back to the 4th millennium BC, but structural load-bearing arches became popular only after their adoption by the Ancient Romans in the 4th century BC. Arch-like structures can be horizontal, like an arch dam that withstands a horizontal hydrostatic pressure load.
Second moment of areaThe second moment of area, or second area moment, or quadratic moment of area and also known as the area moment of inertia, is a geometrical property of an area which reflects how its points are distributed with regard to an arbitrary axis. The second moment of area is typically denoted with either an I{\displaystyle I} (for an axis that lies in the plane of the area) or with a J{\displaystyle J} (for an axis perpendicular to the plane).
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