Unification of Germany1866–1871 consolidation of German statesThe Unification of Germany (German: Deutsche Einigung, pronounced) was a process of building the first nation-state for Germans with federal features based on the concept of Lesser Germany (one without the Habsburgs' multi-ethnic Austria or its German-speaking part).
German ConfederationThe German Confederation (German: Deutscher Bund) was an association of 39 predominantly German-speaking sovereign states in Central Europe from 1815 to 1866. It was created by the Congress of Vienna to replace the Holy Roman Empire, which dissolved in 1806 as a result of the Napoleonic Wars. The Confederation had only one organ, the Bundesversammlung, or Federal Convention (also Federal Assembly or Confederate Diet).
Austrian Empire1: Territories of Austria and Bohemia only.The Austrian Empire, officially known as the Empire of Austria, was a multinational European great power from 1804 to 1867, created by proclamation out of the realms of the Habsburgs. During its existence, it was the third most populous nation in Europe after the Russian Empire and the United Kingdom, while geographically, it was the third-largest empire in Europe after the Russian Empire and the First French Empire.Lesser GermanyThe term "Lesser Germany" (German: Kleindeutschland, pronounced) or "Lesser German solution" (German: Kleindeutsche Lösung) denoted essentially exclusion of the multinational Austria of the Habsburgs from the planned German unification as an option for solving the German question, in opposition to the one of 'Greater Germany'. In the 19th century, a part of the Austrian Empire belonged to the German Confederation.
Kingdom of PrussiaThe Kingdom of Prussia (German: Königreich Preußen, pronounced [ˈkøːnɪkʁaɪç ˈpʁɔʏsn̩] ) was a German state that existed from 1701 to 1918. It played a significant role in the unification of Germany in 1871 and was a major constituent of the German Empire until its dissolution in 1918.
German nationalismGerman nationalism (German: Deutscher Nationalismus) is an ideological notion that promotes the unity of Germans and of the Germanosphere into one unified nation-state. It emphasizes and takes pride in the patriotism and national identity of Germans as one nation and one people. German nationalism, and the concept of nationalism itself, began during the late 18th century, which later gave rise to Pan-Germanism.
Revolutions of 1848The revolutions of 1848, also known as the springtime of the peoples, were a series of revolutions throughout Europe that spanned almost two years, between January 1848 and October 1849. They remain the most widespread revolutionary wave in European history to date.
Nation statePolitical term for a state that is based around a nation
Serbian RevolutionThe Serbian Revolution (Serbian: Српска револуција, romanized: Srpska revolucija) was a national uprising and constitutional change in Serbia that took place between 1804 and 1835, during which this territory evolved from an Ottoman province into a rebel territory, a constitutional monarchy, and modern Serbia. In 1804, the Ottoman Janissary decided to execute all prominent nobles throughout Central Serbia, a move known as the Slaughter of the Knezes.
Cold War1947–1991 geopolitical rivalry between US and USSR NATO and Warsaw Pact states in 1988Duration44 years and 9 monthsPart of the post-World War II eraLocationGlobalThe Cold War was a period of international geopolitical rivalry between the United States (US) and the Soviet Union (USSR) and their respective allies, the capitalistWestern Bloc and communistEastern Bloc. It began in the aftermath of the Second World War and ended with the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.
Unification of Italy1848–1870 consolidation of Italian states
Pan-GermanismPan-nationalist political ideaMap of German dialects in Central Europe around 1900Pan-Germanism (German: Pangermanismus or Alldeutsche Bewegung) is a pan-nationalist political idea that seeks to unify all ethnic Germans, German-speaking people, broader groups of Germanic descent, or any combination of the three, into a single nation-state often called Greater Germany. It was highly influential in 19th-century German politics amid the unification of Germany.
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