Commander-in-Chief of the ForcesCommander-in-Chief of the Forces, later Commander-in-Chief, British Army, or just Commander-in-Chief (C-in-C), was (intermittently) the title of the professional head of the English Army from 1660 to 1707 (the English Army, founded in 1645, was succeeded in 1707 by the new British Army, incorporating existing Scottish regiments) and of the British Army from 1707 until 1904.
Military roads of ScotlandA network of military roads, sometimes called General Wade's Military Roads, was constructed in the Scottish Highlands during the middle part of the 18th century in the wake of the Jacobite rebellion of 1715. The roads were constructed to link the Central Lowlands with a series of fortified barracks located strategically across the Highlands.
Field marshal (United Kingdom)Field marshal (FM) has been the highest rank in the British Army since 1736. A five-star rank with NATO code OF-10, it is equivalent to an Admiral of the Fleet in the Royal Navy or a Marshal of the Royal Air Force in the Royal Air Force (RAF). A Field Marshal's insignia consists of two crossed batons surrounded by yellow leaves below the Tudor Crown.
War of the Spanish Succession1701–1714 European great power conflictBelligerents Pro-BourbonSpain Pro-HabsburgSpain France BavariaCologneLiègePortugal (until 1702)Savoy (until 1703)MantuaHoly Roman Empire Great Britain Dutch Republic Prussia (from 1702)Portugal (from 1702)Savoy (from 1703)Commanders and leadersPhilip VLouis XIVVillarsVendômeBerwickBoufflersVilleroyTallardVaudreuilMaximilian IIFrancis II RákócziLeopold IEmperor Charles VIJoseph ISavoyStarhembergAnneHarleyMarlboroughOrmondeHeinsiusAthloneOuwerkerkTillyFrederick IPeter IIJohn VVictor Amadeus IIStrengthTotal pro-BourbonLand forces c. 500,000 maximum Naval forces c. 131 ships of the line Total pro-HabsburgLand forces c. 600,000 maximum Naval forces c. 211 ships of the line Casualties and lossesTotal pro-Bourbonc.
War of the Austrian SuccessionBelligerentsFrancePrussia (1740–42, 1744–45)SpainBavaria (1741–45)Saxony (1741–42)Savoy (1741–42)Genoa (1745–48)ModenaAustriaGreat BritainHanoverDutch Republic (1744–48)Saxony (1743–45)Savoy 1742-1748Russia (1748)Commanders and leadersLouis XVMaurice de SaxeFrançois-Marie, 1st duc de BroglieLowendalFrederick IILeopold of Anhalt-DessauLeopold IIPhilip VInfante PhilipMarquess of VictoriaCharles VIIMaximilian JosephFrancesco III d'EsteMaria TheresaFrancis ILudwig KhevenhüllerCharles of LorraineOtto von TraunGeorge IISir Robert WalpoleSpencer ComptonHenry PelhamGeorge WadeDuke of CumberlandThomas MathewsAnthonie van der HeimWilliam IVPrince of WaldeckIsaac CronströmFrederick Augustus IICount RutowskyCharles Emmanuel IIIElizabethPeter LacyVasily RepninStrength1740: 200,000 116,6201742: 120,000 70,000 40,000 35,0001745 naval strength 47 ships of the line 32 ships of the line1747: 204,000 120,000 127,000 55,0001742: 30,0001745 naval strength 110 ships of the line 34 ships of the lineCasualties and lossesFrance:158,400 killed and woundedPrussia:23,100 killed and woundedSpain:3,000 killed and woundedHabsburg monarchy:148,000 killed and woundedGreat Britain:26,400 killed and woundedDutch Republic:14,630 killed and woundedSavoy-Sardinia:7,840 killed and wounded Total: 750,000 dead or woundedThe War of the Austrian Succession, 1740 to 1748, was a conflict between the Europeangreat powers, fought primarily in Europe, the Atlantic Ocean and .
Jacobite rising of 1745BelligerentsBritish GovernmentJacobitesCommanders and leadersDuke of CumberlandJohn CopeHenry HawleyGeorge WadeDuncan ForbesCharles StuartGeorge MurrayJohn O'SullivanJohn DrummondJames DrummondThe Jacobite rising of 1745 was an attempt to regain the British throne for the exiled House of Stuart. The last in a series of Jacobite risings that began in March 1689, it proved to be the end of Jacobitism as a major factor in British politics.
Jacobite rising of 1715BelligerentsGreat BritainJacobitesCommanders and leadersDuke of ArgyllCharles WillsGeorge CarpenterEarl of MarEarl of Strathmore†Thomas ForsterThe Jacobite rising of 1715 was an attempt by the exiled James Francis Edward Stuart, son of the deposed James II of England, to regain the thrones of England, Scotland and Ireland for the House of Stuart. The rebellion was officially initiated on 27 August 1715 at Braemar in Aberdeenshire by the Earl of Mar.
English TangierToday part ofMoroccoEnglish Tangier was the period in Moroccan history in which the city of Tangier (also spelled Tangiers) was occupied by England as part of its colonial empire from 1661 to 1684. Tangier had been under Portuguese control before Charles II of England acquired the city as part of the dowry when he married the Portuguese InfantaCatherine of Braganza. The marriage treaty was an extensive renewal of the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance.
Tangier GarrisonThe Tangier Garrison was the land force which oversaw the defence of English Tangier between 1661 and 1684 when it was evacuated. It was part of the English Army, the de facto standing army that Charles II established following the Restoration. Charles II received Tangier as part of the Marriage Treaty with Portugal in 1661. He appointed Henry Mordaunt, 2nd Earl of Peterborough as governor and, on 30 January 1662, the new garrison took up its duties.
War of the Quadruple AllianceThe War of the Quadruple Alliance, 1718 to 1720, was a conflict between Spain and a coalition of Austria, Great Britain, France, and Savoy, with the addition of the Dutch Republic in 1719. Military operations focused primarily on Sicily and Spain, with minor engagements in North America. The Spanish-backed Jacobite rising of 1719 in Scotland is considered a related conflict.County WestmeathCounty Westmeath (; Irish: Contae na hIarmhí or simply An Iarmhí) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Leinster and is part of the Eastern and Midland Region. It formed part of the historic Kingdom of Meath, which was named Mide because the kingdom was located in the geographical centre of Ireland (the word Mide meaning 'middle'). Westmeath County Council is the administrative body for the county, and the county town is Mullingar.
Nine Years' WarWar between France and a European coalition (1688–1697)BelligerentsGrand Alliance:Dutch Republic England ScotlandHoly Roman EmpireSpanish EmpireSavoyard StateKingdom of FranceJacobitesCommanders and leadersWilliam III/IIMary IIBentinckHeinsiusWaldeckAthloneCoehoornEvertsenAlmondeSchomberg †HerbertRussellRookeBerkeleyLeopold ICharles V of LorraineMaximilian II EmanuelBadenFrederick IEugeneVictor Amadeus IICharles IIGastañagaVillahermosaLouis XIVLouvoisCroissyLuxembourgVaubanVilleroiBoufflersLorgesCatinatNoaillesDurasVendômeCaumontSt Ruth †HumièresTourvilleJean BartJames IITyrconnellStrength: 102,000: 102,000: 127,410 (annual average): 50,000: 24,500Naval peak strength: 112 ships of the line: 72 ships of the line 362,000: 36,000–39,000Naval peak strength: 119 ships of the lineCasualties and losses680,000 military deaths The Great French famine of 1693-1694 would occur during this war and would result in 700,000-1,300,000 deaths The Nine Years' War was a European great power conflict from 1688 to 1697 between France and the Grand Alliance.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.