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Garden Ring

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The Garden Ring (Russian: Садовое кольцо, romanized: Sadovoye koltso), also known as the "B" Ring (Russian: кольцо "Б"), is a circular ring road and avenue around central Moscow, with its course corresponding to what used to be the city ramparts surrounding Zemlyanoy Gorod in the 17th century. The Ring consists of seventeen individually named streets and fifteen squares. It has a circumference of 16 kilometers (9.9 mi). At its narrowest point, Krymsky Bridge, the Ring has six lanes.

Krymsky BridgeKrymsky Bridge55°44′02″N37°35′56″E / 55.73389°N 37.59889°E / 55.73389; 37.59889Krymsky Bridge (Russian: Крымский мост) is a steel suspension bridge in Moscow. The bridge spans the Moskva River 1,800 metres south-west from the Kremlin and carries the Garden Ring across the river. The bridge links the to the north-west with Krymsky Val street to the south-east. The nearby Moscow Metro stations are Park Kultury and Oktyabrskaya.Moskva (river)Moskva (river)The Moskva ( or ; Russian: Москва) is a river that flows through Western Russia. It rises about 140 kilometers (87 mi) west of Moscow and flows roughly east through the Smolensk and Moscow Oblasts, passing through central Moscow. About 110 kilometers (68 mi) southeast of Moscow, at the city of Kolomna, it flows into the Oka, itself a tributary of the Volga, which ultimately flows into the Caspian Sea.Zemlyanoy GorodZemlyanoy GorodZemlyanoy Gorod (Russian: Земляной город, IPA: "Earthworks City") in 17th-century Moscow was the outer ring of the city, surrounded by ramparts and a moat. It surrounded the older moat built by Aloisio the New in the early 16th century which delimited Bely Gorod. Historical Zemlyanoy Gorod corresponds to the area now in between the Boulevard Ring and the Garden Ring roads.MoscowMoscowCapital and most populous city of RussiaCapital city and federal cityMoscow is the capital and largest city of Russia, situated on the Moskva River in Central Russia. The city has a population estimated at more than 13 million residents within city limits, more than 19.1 million residents in the urban area, and more than 21.5 million residents in the metropolitan area.Russian languageRussian languageRussian is an East Slavic language belonging to the Balto-Slavic branch of the Indo-European language family. It is one of the four extant East Slavic languages, and is the native language of the Russian people. Russian was the de facto (and de jure in its final years) official language of the former Soviet Union.Literal translationLiteral translationLiteral translation, direct translation, word-for-word translation, word-by-word translation, or word-to-word translation is the translation of a text done by translating each word separately without analysing how the words are used together in a phrase or sentence. In translation theory, another term for literal translation is metaphrase (as opposed to paraphrase for an analogous translation).Ring roadRing roadM25, the primary ring road of LondonA ring road (also known as circular road,beltline, beltway, circumferential (high)way, loop or orbital) is a road or a series of connected roads encircling a town, city or country. The most common purpose of a ring road is to assist in reducing traffic volumes in the urban centre, such as by offering an alternate route around the city for drivers who do not need to stop in the city core.Taganskaya SquareTaganskaya SquareTaganskaya Square (Russian: Таганская площадь) is a city square at the south-eastern corner of the Garden Ring in central Moscow, formed in 1963 by merging two historic squares, Upper Taganka and Lower Taganka. In 1813 the district of Taganka was reconstructed by Joseph Bové, who built a market there. The most conspicuous landmarks are the lofty St Nicholas Church on Bolvanovka (1697–1712) and the Taganka Theatre.Romanization of RussianRomanization of RussianThe romanization of the Russian language (the transliteration of Russian text from the Cyrillic script into the Latin script), aside from its primary use for including Russian names and words in text written in a Latin alphabet, is also essential for computer users to input Russian text who either do not have a keyboard or word processor set up for inputting Cyrillic, or else are not capable of typing rapidly using a native Russian keyboard layout (JCUKEN).Defensive wallDefensive wallA defensive wall is a fortification usually used to protect a city, town or other settlement from potential aggressors. The walls can range from simple palisades or earthworks to extensive military fortifications such as curtain walls with towers, bastions and gates for access to the city. From ancient to modern times, they were used to enclose settlements.Avenue (landscape)Avenue (landscape)In landscaping, an avenue (from French), alameda (from Portuguese and Spanish), or allée (from French) is a straight path or road that runs between dual rows of trees or large shrubs. As its Latin origin venire ('to come') indicates, an avenue is used to emphasize the "coming to" or arrival at a landscape or architectural feature.CircumferenceCircumferenceIn geometry, the circumference (from Latin circumferēns 'carrying around, circling') is the perimeter of a circle or ellipse. The circumference is the arc length of the circle, as if it were opened up and straightened out to a line segment. More generally, the perimeter is the curve length around any closed figure. Circumference may also refer to the circle itself, that is, the locus corresponding to the edge of a disk.

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