Northern Division (Syrian rebel group)The Northern Division (Arabic: الفرقة الشمالية), formerly the Knights of Justice Brigade (Arabic: لواء فرسان الحق, Liwa Fursan al-Haqq), is a Free Syrian Army group sanctioned by the Syrian National Council and formerly part of the Syrian Revolutionary Command Council. The group received BGM-71 TOW anti-tank missiles from the United States and Saudi Arabia, and is also armed, trained, and funded by Qatar.
Mountain Hawks BrigadeThe Mountain Hawks Brigade (Arabic: لواء صقور الجبل, romanized: Liwa’ Suqour al-Jabal), known as the Hawks of Mount Zawiya Brigade (Arabic: لواء صقور جبل الزاويه, romanized: Liwa' Suqour Jabal al-Zawiya) between 2012 and 2015 and the Mountain Hawks Division (Arabic: فرقة صقور الجبل, romanized: Firqat Suqour al-Jabal) since 2020, is a Syrian rebel group affiliated with the Free Syrian Army operating in northwestern Syria, mainly in the Idlib Governorate.
Levant Revolutionaries BattalionsThe Levant Revolutionaries Battalions (LRB) was a faction in Syria during the Syrian civil war. HistoryThe group was formed by Naji Mustafa (a former commander in the Army of Mujahideen) as a split from the Levant Front, which he and others left in April 2015. The LRB has been described as having been "cobbled together" between the Army of Mujahideen groups as well as smaller factions that were aligned with the Free Syrian Army.
Abu Amara BrigadesAbu Amara Brigades (Arabic: لواء عمر بن الخطاب, romanized: Kata’ib Abu Amara) was an Aleppo-based Syrian faction which was structured as an umbrella of neighborhood militias, with under 1,000 fighters. Within that faction was a specialized clandestine branch called Suriyat Abu Amara li-Mahaam al-Khasa, which translates to Abu Amara for Special Tasks. This branch was dedicated to targeted assassinations—key regime and IRGC-linked officers.
Inter-rebel conflict during the Syrian civil warInternal conflict between Syrian opposition forcesBelligerentsFree Syrian Army(2014–2017)Jaysh al-Islam(2016–2017)Support:United StatesTurkeyQatarSaudi ArabiaSyrian National Army (from 2017) National Front for LiberationSyrian Liberation FrontSupport:TurkeyAl-Nusra Front(2014–2017)Jund al-Aqsa (2014–2016)Ahrar al-Sham(2014–2016)Support:Qatar (sometimes)Saudi Arabia (sometimes)Turkey (sometimes)Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham(from 2017)Turkistan Islamic Party in SyriaSo Be Steadfast Operations Room (from 2020) Hurras al-DinJama'at Ansar al-Islam (2020–2021)Ansar al-Din FrontJihad CoordinationAnsar Fighters BrigadeIslamic StateStrength Free Syrian Army: 50,000 Syrian National Army: 80,000 (2019) Al-Nusra Front: 20,000 Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham: 15,000 (2022) Hurras al-Din: 1,000–2,000Casualties and losses 605 civilians killed76 unidentified killedan additional 1,200 combatants and 150 civilians estimated killedTotal: 5,641–6,991 killed(up until 28 June 2014)The inter-rebel conflict during the Syrian Civil War has continued throughout the Syrian Civil War as factions of the Syrian opposition and Free Syrian Army have fought each other, with shifting alliances among various Islamist factions such as Al-Nusra Front, Ahrar al-Sham, Jaysh al-Islam and the Islamic Front.
AleppoCity in Aleppo Governorate, SyriaMetropolis in SyriaAleppo is a city in northern Syria, which serves as the capital of the Aleppo Governorate, the country's most populous governorate. With an estimated population of 2,098,000 residents as of 2021, it is Syria's largest city by urban area, and the second-largest city in the country, being the most populous until it was surpassed by Damascus, the capital of Syria.
Aleppo GovernorateAleppo Governorate (Arabic: محافظة حلب, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat Ḥalab, [muˈħaːfaðˤat ˈħalab]; Kurdish: Parêzgeha Helebê) is one of the fourteen governorates of Syria. It is the most populous governorate in Syria with a population of more than 4,867,000 (2011 Est.), almost 23% of the total population of Syria.
SyriaSyria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in West Asia located in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant. It borders the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to the north and northwest, Iraq to the east and southeast, Jordan to the south, and Israel and Lebanon to the southwest. It is a republic under a provisional government and comprises 14 governorates. Damascus is Syria's capital and largest city.
Institute for the Study of WarThe Institute for the Study of War (ISW) is an American advocacy think tank founded in 2007 by military historianKimberly Kagan and headquartered in Washington, D.C. ISW has provided analysis of modern armed conflicts and foreign affairs, including the Gaza war, Syrian civil war, the war in Afghanistan, the war in Iraq, the 2026 Iran war and the Russo-Ukrainian war. ISW's political stance has been described as ″hawkish″ and neoconservative.Syrian opposition (2011–2024)The Syrian opposition was an umbrella term for the Syrian revolutionary organizations that opposed Bashar al-Assad's Ba'athist regime during the Syrian revolution and the Syrian civil war. The opposition factions in Syria became active as grassroots movements during the mass demonstrations against the Ba'athist regime. The Free Syrian Army (FSA) was the most prominent armed revolutionary group in the initial stages of the war; but it declined and became decentralized by 2015.
Romanization of ArabicThe romanization of Arabic is the systematic rendering of written and spokenArabic in the Latin script. Romanized Arabic is used for various purposes, among them transcription of names and titles, cataloging Arabic language works, language education when used instead of or alongside the Arabic script, and representation of the language in scientific publications by linguists.
Literal translationLiteral translation, direct translation, word-for-word translation, word-by-word translation, or word-to-word translation is the translation of a text done by translating each word separately without analysing how the words are used together in a phrase or sentence. In translation theory, another term for literal translation is metaphrase (as opposed to paraphrase for an analogous translation).
IsisIsis was a major goddess in ancient Egyptian religion whose worship spread throughout the Greco-Roman world. Isis was first mentioned in the Old Kingdom (c. 2686 – c. 2181 BCE) as one of the main characters of the Osiris myth, in which she resurrects her slain brother and husband, the divine king Osiris, and produces and protects his heir, Horus.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.