CustomerIn sales, commerce, and economics, a customer (sometimes known as a client, buyer, or purchaser) is the recipient of a good, service, product, or an idea, obtained from a seller, vendor, or supplier via a financial transaction or an exchange for money or some other valuable consideration. Etymology and terminologyEarly societies relied on a gift economy based on favours.AccountingAccounting, also known as accountancy, is the process of recording and processing information about economic entities, such as businesses and corporations. Accounting measures the results of an organization's economic activities and conveys this information to a variety of stakeholders, including investors, creditors, management, and regulators. Practitioners of accounting are known as accountants.
Industry (economics)In microeconomics, an industry is a branch of an economy that produces a closely related set of raw materials, goods, or services. For example, one might refer to the wood industry or to the insurance industry. When evaluating a single group or company, its dominant source of revenue is typically used by industry classifications to classify it within a specific industry.
Research and developmentGeneral term for activities in connection with corporate or governmental innovation Cycle of research and development Spending on research and development as share of GDP (2015) Research and development (R&D or R+D), aka Research and Technical (or Technological) Development (RTD), is the set of innovative activities undertaken by corporations, wealthy industrialists, or governments in developing new services or products.
SocietyConnected group of individualsClockwise from top left: A family in Savannakhet, Laos; a crowd shopping in Maharashtra, India; a military parade on a Spanish national holiday.A society is a large social group sharing the same spatial or social territory, typically subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations.
MarketingMarketing is the act of acquiring, satisfying and retaining customers. It is one of the primary components of business management and commerce. Marketing is usually conducted by the seller, typically a retailer or manufacturer. Products can be marketed to other businesses (B2B) or directly to consumers (B2C). Sometimes tasks are contracted to dedicated marketing firms, like a media, market research, or advertising agency.
TechnologyUse of knowledge for practical goalsFor other uses, see Technology (other).A steam turbine with the case opened, an example of energy technologyTechnology is the application of conceptual knowledge to achieve practical goals, especially in a reproducible way. The word technology can also mean the products resulting from such efforts, including both tangible products such as tools or machines, and intangible ones such as software.
EconomyAn economy is an area of the production, distribution and trade, as well as consumption of goods and services. In general, it is defined as a social domain that emphasize the practices, discourses, and material expressions associated with the production, use, and management of resources.
Customer relationship managementCustomer relationship management (CRM) is a strategic process that organizations use to manage, analyze, and improve their interactions with customers. By using data-driven insights, CRM often involves dedicated information systems that help store and analyze customer data, support communication, and coordinate sales, marketing, and service activities.
PoliticsActivities associated with group decisionsThe opening of the 79th session of the United Nations General AssemblyPolitics is the activity of settling affairs in an organized society. Politics is usually concerned with resolving issues within a society via a government. Politicians are individuals engaged in the activity of politics. The branch of social science that studies politics and government is referred to as political science.
DemographyThe Demography of the World Population from 1950 to 2100. Data source: United Nations — World Population Prospects 2017Demography (from Ancient Greek δῆμος (dêmos) 'people, society' and -γραφία (-graphía) 'writing, drawing, description') is the statistical study of human populations: their size, composition (e.g., ethnic group, age), and how they change through the interplay of fertility (births), mortality (deaths), and migration.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.