Energy expenditureEnergy expenditure, often estimated as the total daily energy expenditure (TDEE), is the amount of energy burned by the human body. Causes of energy expenditureResting metabolic rateResting metabolic rate generally composes human 60 to 75 percent of TDEE. Because adipose tissue does not use much energy to maintain, fat free mass is a better predictor of metabolic rate.
CalorieThe calorie is a unit of energy that originated from the caloric theory of heat. The small calorie or gram calorie is defined as the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one milliliter of distilled water by one degree Celsius (or one kelvin). In the US, the term "Calorie" when used in nutrition refers to a kilocalorie (1 kcal = 1000 cal).
ObesityMedical condition of excess body fatMedical conditionObesity is a medical condition, considered a disease by multiple organizations, in which excess body fat has accumulated to such an extent that it can have negative effects on health. People are classified as obese when their body mass index (BMI)—a person's weight divided by the square of the person's height—is over 30 kg/m; the range 25–30 kg/m is defined as overweight.
Physical activity levelThe physical activity level (PAL) is a way to express a person's daily physical activity as a number and is used to estimate their energy expenditure. In combination with the basal metabolic rate (BMR), it can be used to compute the amount of food energy a person needs to consume to maintain a particular lifestyle.
HypothalamusThe hypothalamus (pl.: hypothalami; from Ancient Greek (hupó)'under' and (thálamos)'chamber') is a small part of the vertebratebrain that contains a number of nuclei with a variety of functions. One of the most important functions is to link the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland. The hypothalamus is located below the thalamus and is part of the limbic system. It forms the basal part of the diencephalon.
BiosynthesisProcess where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms Biosynthesis is chemical synthesis occurring in biological contexts. It most often refers to multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed processes where chemical substances absorbed as nutrients (or previously converted through biosynthesis) serve as enzyme substrates, with conversion by the living organism either into simpler or more complex products.BioenergeticsBioenergetics is a field in biochemistry and cell biology that concerns energy flow through living systems. This is an active area of biological research that includes the study of the transformation of energy in living organisms and the study of thousands of different cellular processes such as cellular respiration and the many other metabolic and enzymatic processes that lead to production and utilization of energy in forms such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules.
JouleThe joule ( JOOL, or JOWL; symbol: J) is the unit of energy in the International System of Units (SI). In terms of SI base units, one joule corresponds to one kilogram-metre squared per second squared (1 J = 1 kg⋅m2⋅s−2). One joule is equal to the amount of work done when a force of one newton displaces a body through a distance of one metre in the direction of that force.
Biological processA biological process is a process necessary for an organism to live, and therefore shapes its capacity to interact with its environment. Biological processes are made of many chemical reactions or other events that are involved in the persistence and transformation of life forms. RegulationRegulation of biological processes occurs when any process is modulated in its frequency, rate or extent.
MetabolismSet of chemical reactions in organismsSimplified view of cellular metabolismMetabolism (, from Greek μεταβολή (metabolē) 'change') refers to the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions that occur within living organisms.
Hunger (physiology)Hunger is a sensation that motivates the consumption of food. The sensation of hunger typically manifests after only a few hours without eating and is generally considered to be unpleasant. Satiety occurs between 5 and 20 minutes after eating. There are several theories about how the feeling of hunger arises. The desire to eat food, or appetite, is another sensation experienced with regard to eating.
HomeostasisState of steady internal conditions maintained by living thingsIn biology, homeostasis (in British English also homoeostasis) is the process by which living organisms maintain relatively stable internal physical and chemical conditions despite changes in their internal or external environment.
CalorieThe calorie is a unit of energy that originated from the caloric theory of heat. The small calorie or gram calorie is defined as the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one milliliter of distilled water by one degree Celsius (or one kelvin). In the US, the term "Calorie" when used in nutrition refers to a kilocalorie (1 kcal = 1000 cal).ObesityMedical condition of excess body fatMedical conditionObesity is a medical condition, considered a disease by multiple organizations, in which excess body fat has accumulated to such an extent that it can have negative effects on health. People are classified as obese when their body mass index (BMI)—a person's weight divided by the square of the person's height—is over 30 kg/m; the range 25–30 kg/m is defined as overweight.Physical activity levelThe physical activity level (PAL) is a way to express a person's daily physical activity as a number and is used to estimate their energy expenditure. In combination with the basal metabolic rate (BMR), it can be used to compute the amount of food energy a person needs to consume to maintain a particular lifestyle.HypothalamusThe hypothalamus (pl.: hypothalami; from Ancient Greek (hupó)'under' and (thálamos)'chamber') is a small part of the vertebratebrain that contains a number of nuclei with a variety of functions. One of the most important functions is to link the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland. The hypothalamus is located below the thalamus and is part of the limbic system. It forms the basal part of the diencephalon.BiosynthesisProcess where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms Biosynthesis is chemical synthesis occurring in biological contexts. It most often refers to multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed processes where chemical substances absorbed as nutrients (or previously converted through biosynthesis) serve as enzyme substrates, with conversion by the living organism either into simpler or more complex products.BioenergeticsBioenergetics is a field in biochemistry and cell biology that concerns energy flow through living systems. This is an active area of biological research that includes the study of the transformation of energy in living organisms and the study of thousands of different cellular processes such as cellular respiration and the many other metabolic and enzymatic processes that lead to production and utilization of energy in forms such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules.JouleThe joule ( JOOL, or JOWL; symbol: J) is the unit of energy in the International System of Units (SI). In terms of SI base units, one joule corresponds to one kilogram-metre squared per second squared (1 J = 1 kg⋅m2⋅s−2). One joule is equal to the amount of work done when a force of one newton displaces a body through a distance of one metre in the direction of that force.Biological processA biological process is a process necessary for an organism to live, and therefore shapes its capacity to interact with its environment. Biological processes are made of many chemical reactions or other events that are involved in the persistence and transformation of life forms. RegulationRegulation of biological processes occurs when any process is modulated in its frequency, rate or extent.MetabolismSet of chemical reactions in organismsSimplified view of cellular metabolismMetabolism (, from Greek μεταβολή (metabolē) 'change') refers to the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions that occur within living organisms.Hunger (physiology)Hunger is a sensation that motivates the consumption of food. The sensation of hunger typically manifests after only a few hours without eating and is generally considered to be unpleasant. Satiety occurs between 5 and 20 minutes after eating. There are several theories about how the feeling of hunger arises. The desire to eat food, or appetite, is another sensation experienced with regard to eating.HomeostasisState of steady internal conditions maintained by living thingsIn biology, homeostasis (in British English also homoeostasis) is the process by which living organisms maintain relatively stable internal physical and chemical conditions despite changes in their internal or external environment.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.