Mandate of HeavenThe Mandate of Heaven (Chinese: 天命; pinyin: Tiānmìng; Wade–Giles: T'ien-ming; lit. 'Heaven's command') is a Chinese political doctrine that was used in Ancient China and Imperial China to legitimize the rule of the king or emperor of China.
Dynasties of ChinaModern Republic of China (mainland, 1912–1949) Related articles Art history Cuisine history Economic history Education history Environmental history Jewish history Legal history LGBTQ history Media history Music history Timeline Military history before 1912 Naval history Religion in China Buddhism Christianity Daoism Islam Science and technology history Archaeology Cartography Discoveries Inventions Space Sports history Transport history Women's history vte This article contains Tangut text.
Son of HeavenVietnamese nameVietnamese alphabetThiên tửChữ Hán天子Korean nameHangul천자Hanja天子Japanese nameKanji天子HiraganaてんしManchu nameManchu scriptᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ ᠵᡠᡳMöllendorffabkai juiSon of Heaven, or Tianzi (Chinese: 天子; pinyin: Tiānzǐ), was the sacred monarchial and imperial title of the Chinese sovereign. It originated with the Zhou dynasty and was founded on the political and spiritual doctrine of the Mandate of Heaven.
Imperial cultAn imperial cult is a form of state religion in which an emperor or a dynasty of emperors (or rulers of another title) are worshipped as demigods or deities. "Cult" here is used to mean "worship", not in the modern pejorative sense.
List of Chinese monarchsThe Chinese monarchs were the rulers of China during Ancient and Imperial periods. The earliest rulers in traditional Chinese historiography are of mythological origin, and followed by the Xia dynasty of highly uncertain and contested historicity. During the subsequent Shang (c. 1600–1046 BCE) and Zhou (1046–256 BCE) dynasties, rulers were referred to as Wang 王, meaning king.
Chinese EmpireThe Chinese Empire (traditional Chinese: 中華帝國; simplified Chinese: 中华帝国; pinyin: Zhōnghuá Dìguó), or the Empire of China, refers to the realm ruled by the Emperor of China during the era of Imperial China. The term was coined by western scholars to describe the Ming and Qing dynasties, and it may also refer to imperial Chinese dynasties in general. Another term was the "Celestial Empire", in reference to the status of the emperor as the Son of Heaven.
EmperorAn emperor (from Latin: imperator, via Old French: empereor) is the (male) ruler of an empire. Empress, the female equivalent, may indicate an emperor's wife (empress consort), mother/grandmother (empress dowager/grand empress dowager), or a woman who rules in her own right and name (empress regnant or suo jure). Emperors are generally recognised to be of the highest monarchic honour and rank, surpassing kings.History of ChinaPart of a series on theHistory of China Timeline Dynasties Historiography Prehistoric Paleolithic (c. 2.43 Ma – c. 12 ka) Mesolithic (c. 10 – c. 7 ka) Neolithic (c. 8500 – c. 2000 BC) Yellow, Yangtze, and Liao civilization Ancient Xia (c. 2070 – c. 1600 BC) Shang (c. 1600 – c. 1046 BC) Late Shang (c. 1250 – c. 1046 BC) Zhou (c. 1046 – c. 256 BC) Western Zhou (c. 1046 – c. 771 BC) Eastern Zhou (c. 771 – c. 256 BC) Spring and Autumn (c. 770 – c. 476 BC) Warring States (c. 475 – c. 221 BC) Imperial Qin (221–207 BC) Han (202 BC – 220 AD) Chu–Han Contention (206–202 BC) Western Han (202 BC – 9/25 AD) Xin (9–23 AD) Xuan Han (9–23 AD) Eastern Han (25–220 AD) Three Kingdoms (220–280 AD) Wei, Shu Han, and Wu Jin (266–420) Western Jin (266–316) Eastern Jin (317–420) Sixteen Kingdoms (304–439) Northern andSouthern dynasties (420–589) Sui (581–618) Tang (618–907) Wu Zhou (690–705) Five Dynasties andTen Kingdoms (907–979) Song (960–1279) Northern Song (960–1127) Southern Song (1127–1279) Liao (916–1125) Western Xia (1038–1227) Jin (1115–1234) Yuan (1271–1368) Ming (1368–1644) Qing (1644–1912) Modern Republic of China (mainland, 1912–1949) People's Republicof China (1949–present) Republic of China (Taiwan,1949–present) Related articles Art history Cuisine history Economic history Education history Environmental history Jewish history Legal history LGBTQ history Media history Music history Timeline Military history before 1912 Naval history Religion in China Buddhism Christianity Daoism Islam Science and technology history Archaeology Cartography Discoveries Inventions Space Sports history Transport history Women's history vte The history of China spans several millennia across a wide geographical area.
Chinese languageChinese (spoken: simplified Chinese: 汉语; traditional Chinese: 漢語; pinyin: Hànyǔ, written: 中文; Zhōngwén) is a collection of language varieties containing almost all Sinitic languages except Macro-Bai languages, natively spoken by the Han Chinese and some ethnic minorities in Greater China, as well as by communities of the overseas Chinese.
TianxiaVietnamese nameVietnamese alphabetthiên hạChữ Hán天下Zhuang nameZhuanglajmbwnKorean nameHangul천하Hanja天下Japanese nameKanji天下KanaてんかてんげてんがあめのしたTianxia (Chinese: 天下; pinyin: Tiānxià; lit. '[everything] under Heaven'), in historical Chinese cultural understanding, is either the entire geographical world or the metaphysical realm of mortals.
PinyinScheme for the Chinese Phonetic AlphabetSimplified ChineseTraditional ChineseLiteral meaningscheme of spelled Han language sounds This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see .AutocracyAutocracy is a form of government in which absolute power is held by one person, known as an autocrat. It includes both absolute monarchies and dictatorships, while it is contrasted with democracy and other forms of free government. The autocrat has total control over the exercise of civil liberties within the autocracy, choosing under what circumstances they may be exercised, if at all.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.