DuchyTerritory ruled by, or representing the title of, a duke or duchess A duchy, also called a dukedom, is a country, territory, fief, or domain ruled by a duke or duchess. In Western European tradition, the title of duke ranked among the highest nobility, generally just below the monarch and above counts or earls.
Old SaxonyOld Saxony was the homeland of the Saxons who fought the Frankish empire during the Early Middle Ages, until being conquered and converted into a Carolingian stem duchy in the 8th century, the Duchy of Saxony. Contemporary authors such as Bede and the author of the Ravenna Cosmography used the term "Old Saxons" to distinguish them from the Saxons living in Britain, also known as Anglo-Saxons, who they believed had migrated from Old Saxony.
Saxon WarsBelligerentsCarolingian EmpireObotrite ConfederacySaxonsFrisiansCommanders and leadersCharlemagneChamberlain Adalgisile †Constable Geilo †Count Palatine Worad †Count Theodoric †WidukindCasualties and losses Unknown4,500 executed in 7822,800–4,000 killed in 7987,070 deported in 7951,600 deported in 79810,000 deported in 804The Saxon Wars were 32 years of campaigns and insurrections from 772, when Charlemagne first entered Saxony with the intent to conquer, to 804 when the last rebellion of tribesmen was defeated.
SaxonsThe Saxons, sometimes called the Old Saxons or Continental Saxons, were a Germanic people of early medieval "Old" Saxony (Latin: Antiqua Saxonia) which became a Carolingian "stem duchy" in 804, in what is now northern Germany.
Merovingian dynastyThe Merovingian dynasty () was the ruling family of the Franks from around the middle of the 5th century until Pepin the Short in 751. They first appear as "Kings of the Franks" in the Roman army of northern Gaul. By 509 they had united all the Franks and northern Gallo-Romans under their rule. They conquered most of Gaul, defeating the Visigoths (507) and the Burgundians (534), and also extended their rule into Raetia (537).
CharlemagneCharlemagne ( SHAR-lə-mayn; 2 April 748 – 28 January 814) was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and Emperor of what is now known as the Carolingian Empire from 800. He united most of Western and Central Europe and was the first recognised emperor to rule from the west after the fall of the Western Roman Empire approximately three centuries earlier.Historical regionHistorical regions (or historical areas) are geographical regions that had a cultural, ethnic, linguistic or political significance as distinct entities at some point in recorded history, regardless of latter-day borders and administrative divisions. There are some historical regions that can be considered as "active", for example: Moravia, which is held by the Czech Republic, is both a recognized contemporary region of the country as well as a historical one.
Migration PeriodThe Migration Period (c. 300 to 600 AD), also known as the Barbarian Invasions, was a period in European history and late antiquity marked by large-scale migrations that saw the fall of the Western Roman Empire and subsequent settlement of its former territories by various tribes, and the establishment of post-Roman kingdoms there.
Carolingian EmpireThe Carolingian Empire (800–887) was a Frankish-dominated empire in Western and Central Europe during the Early Middle Ages. It was ruled by the Carolingian dynasty, which had ruled as kings of the Franks since 751 and as kings of the Lombards in Italy from 774. In 800 Pope Leo III crowned King Charlemagne as the Roman emperor in return for political protection, disregarding the universalist claims of the weakened Byzantine Empire.
Treaty of VerdunThe Treaty of Verdun (French: Traité de Verdun; German: Vertrag von Verdun), agreed to on 10 August 843, ended the Carolingian civil war and divided the Carolingian Empire between Lothair I, Louis II and Charles II, the surviving sons of the emperor Louis I. The treaty was the culmination of negotiations lasting more than a year.
Low GermanWest Germanic language This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these messages) This article needs more complete citations for verification. Please help add missing citation information so that sources are clearly identifiable. (December 2024) (Learn how and when to remove this message) This article has an unclear citation style.List of Frankish kingsFrankish monarchs Map of the Frankish kingdom (481–814) Animated map of Frankish expansion The Franks, Germanic peoples that invaded the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century, were first led by individuals called dukes and reguli. The earliest group of Franks that rose to prominence was the Salian Merovingians, who conquered most of Roman Gaul, as well as the Gaulish territory of the Visigothic Kingdom, following the Battle of Vouillé in 507 AD.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.