Republic of VeniceMaritime republic in Italy (697–1797)a. ^Paolo Lucio Anafesto is traditionally the first Doge of Venice, but John Julius Norwich suggests that this may be a mistake for Paul, Exarch of Ravenna, and that the traditional second doge Marcello Tegalliano may have been the similarly named magister militum to Paul. Their existence as doges is uncorroborated by any source before the 11th century, but as Norwich suggests, is probably not entirely legendary.
Republic of GenoaItalian maritime republic (1099–1797)The Republic of Genoa was a medieval and early modern maritime republic from the years 1099 to 1797 in Liguria on the northwestern Italian coast. During the Late Middle Ages, it was a major commercial power in both the and Black Sea. Between the 16th and 17th centuries, it was one of the major financial centres of Europe.
Italian languageRomance languageItalian (italiano, pronounced, or lingua italiana, pronounced) is a Romance language of the Indo-European language family. It is a standardised form of literary Florentine Tuscan and, together with Sardinian, is the least differentiated language from Latin. Current estimates indicate that between 68 and 85 million people speak Italian, including approximately 64 million native speakers as of 2024.
Venetian languageVenetian, also known as wider Venetian or Venetan (łengua vèneta [ˈ(l)eŋɡwa ˈvɛneta]) or vèneto [ˈvɛneto]), is a Romance language spoken natively in the northeast of Italy, mostly in Veneto, where most of the five million inhabitants can understand it.
Crowned republicA crowned republic, also known as a monarchical republic, is a system of monarchy where the monarch's role is almost entirely ceremonial and where nearly all of the royal prerogatives are exercised in such a way that the monarch personally has little power over executive and constitutional issues.
Corno ducaleThe corno ducale (Italian for 'ducal horn'), a unique ducal hat, was the headgear and symbol of the Doge of Venice. It was a stiff horn-like bonnet, which was made of gemmed brocade or cloth-of-gold and worn over a camauro. The ducal horn was a fine linen cap with a structured peak at the back reminiscent of the Phrygian cap, a classical symbol of liberty.
Benito MussoliniDictator of Italy from 1922 to 1943Personal detailsBornBenito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini(1883-07-29)29 July 1883Dovia di Predappio, Forlì-Cesena, ItalyDied28 April 1945(1945-04-28) (aged 61)Giulino di Mezzegra, Como, ItalyCause of deathExecution by shootingResting placeSan Cassiano cemetery, Predappio, ItalyPartyPNF (1921–1943)Other politicalaffiliationsPSI (1901–1914)FAR (1914–1919)FIC (1919–1921)PFR (1943–1945)SpousesIda Dalser (m. 1914; div.
ItalyItaly, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern and Western Europe. It consists of a peninsula, which extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land border, as well as nearly 800 islands, notably Sicily and Sardinia. Italy shares land borders with France to the west; Switzerland and Austria to the north; Slovenia to the east; and the two enclaves of Vatican City and San Marino.
City-stateSovereign state consisting primarily of a city and its territory Monaco is a city state located on the Mediterranean and the second smallest country in the world (after the Vatican, another city state) A city-state is an independent city that encompasses the totality of its sovereign territory. This concept stands in contrast to that of a regular state or country, which typically encompasses a capital city and additional urban centers, in addition to the countryside.
Head of stateA head of state is the public persona of a sovereign state. The name given to the office of head of state depends on the country's form of government and any separation of powers; the powers of the office in each country range from being also the head of government to being little more than a ceremonialfigurehead. In a parliamentary system, such as India or the United Kingdom, the head of state usually has mostly ceremonial powers, with a separate head of government.LordLord is an appellation for a person or deity who has authority, control, or power over others, acting as a master, chief, or ruler. The appellation can also denote certain persons who hold a title of the peerage in the United Kingdom, or are entitled to courtesy titles. The collective "Lords" can refer to a group or body of peers.
RenaissanceEuropean cultural period of the 14th to 17th centuriesThe Renaissance (UK: , US: ) was a European period of history and cultural movement taking place at the end of the Late Middle Ages and the beginning of the early modern era. It is variously defined as covering the 15th and 16th centuries or, more broadly, as lasting from the 14th century to the 17th.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.