Acid dissociation constantMeasure of an acid's strength in solutionIn chemistry, an acid dissociation constant (also known as acidity constant, or acid-ionization constant; denoted Ka{\displaystyle K_{a}}) is a quantitative measure of the strength of an acid in solution. It is the equilibrium constant for a chemical reactionHA↽−−⇀A−+H+{\displaystyle {\ce {HA <=> A^- + H^+}}}known as dissociation in the context of acid–base reactions.
Equilibrium constantChemical propertyThe equilibrium constant of a chemical reaction is the value of its reaction quotient at chemical equilibrium, a state approached by a dynamic chemical system after sufficient time has elapsed at which its composition has no measurable tendency towards further change. For a given set of reaction conditions, the equilibrium constant is independent of the initial analytical concentrations of the reactant and product species in the mixture.
Binding constantThe binding constant, or affinity constant/association constant, is a special case of the equilibrium constantK, and is the inverse of the dissociation constant. It is associated with the binding and unbinding reaction of molecules. Consider a binding reaction between two molecules, X and Y, which is formalized as: X + Y ⇌ XYThe reaction is characterized by the on-rate constant kon and the off-rate constant koff, which have units of M s and s, respectively.
EC50Half maximal effective concentration (EC50) is a measure of the concentration of a drug, antibody or toxicant which induces a biological response halfway between the baseline and maximum after a specified exposure time. More simply, EC50 can be defined as the concentration required to obtain a 50% [...] effect and may be also written as [A]50.
PharmacologyPharmacology is the science of drugs and medications, including a substance's origin, composition and interaction with biological systems; specifically through pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, therapeutic use, and toxicology. The discipline examines these interactions through pharmacokinetics (what the body does to the drug) and pharmacodynamics (what the drug does to the body), both of which determine how a substance alters normal or abnormal biochemical function.
BiochemistryBiochemistry, or biological chemistry (distinct from chemical biology), is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. A sub-discipline of both chemistry and biology, biochemistry may be divided into three fields: structural biology, enzymology, and metabolism. Over the last decades of the 20th century, biochemistry has become successful at explaining living processes through these three disciplines.
MoleculeA molecule is a group of two or more atoms that are held together by attractive forces known as chemical bonds; depending on context, the term may or may not include ions that satisfy this criterion. In quantum physics, organic chemistry, and biochemistry, the distinction from ions is dropped and molecule is often used when referring to polyatomic ions.Multiplicative inverseIn mathematics, a multiplicative inverse or reciprocal for a numberx, denoted by 1x{\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{x}}} or x, is a number which when multiplied byx yields the multiplicative identity, 1. The multiplicative inverse of a fractionab{\displaystyle {\tfrac {a}{b}}} is ba.{\displaystyle {\tfrac {b}{a}}.} Dividing 1 by a real number yields its multiplicative inverse.
IonAn ion () is an atom or molecule with a net electrical charge. The charge of an electron is considered to be negative by convention and this charge is equal and opposite to the charge of a proton, which is considered to be positive by convention. The net charge of an ion is not zero because its total number of electrons is unequal to its total number of protons.
Salt (chemistry)In chemistry, a salt or ionic compound is a chemical compound consisting of an assembly of positively charged ions (cations) and negatively charged ions (anions), which results in a compound with no net electric charge. The constituent ions are held together by electrostatic forces termed ionic bonds. The component ions in a salt can be either inorganic, such as chloride (Cl), or organic, such as acetate (CH3COO).
ChemistryScientific study of matter's behavior and propertiesImages relating to the six main branches of chemistry, clockwise from the upper left : a BeF₂ glass network (inorganic chemistry), a caffeine molecule (organic chemistry), a reaction coordinate diagram (physical chemistry), a proton NMR spectrum (analytical chemistry), the RGS4 protein (biochemistry), and a glowstick using chemiluminescence (applied chemistry).Chemistry is the scientific study of the properties and behavior of matter.
Coordination complexA coordination complex is a chemical compound consisting of a central atom or ion, which is usually metallic and is called the coordination centre, and a surrounding array of boundmolecules or ions, that are in turn known as ligands or complexing agents. Many metal-containing compounds, especially those that include transition metals (elements like titanium that belong to the periodic table's d-block), are coordination complexes.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.