1960 Constitution of CzechoslovakiaThe Constitution of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (Ústava Československé socialistické / Československej socialistickej republiky in Czech / Slovak), promulgated on 11 July 1960 as the constitutional law 100/1960 Sb., was a communist state constitution and Czechoslovakia's third permanent constitution overall. It was the second constitution adopted under Communist rule.
Czech and Slovak Federative RepublicToday part ofCzechia, SlovakiaAfter the Velvet Revolution in late 1989, Czechoslovakia was briefly renamed from the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic to the Czech and Slovak Federative Republic (Czech: Česká a Slovenská Federativní Republika, Slovak: Česká a Slovenská Federatívna Republika; ČSFR) that existed in Central Europe during the period from 23 April 1990 until 31 December 1992, after which the country was peacefully dissolved into the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic.
Communist Party of CzechoslovakiaThe Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (Czech and Slovak: Komunistická strana Československa, KSČ) was a communist and Marxist–Leninist political party in Czechoslovakia that existed between 1921 and 1992. It was a member of the Comintern. Between 1929 and 1953, it was led by Klement Gottwald.
Ninth-of-May ConstitutionThe Ninth-of-May (1948) Constitution (Czech: Ústava Československé republiky; Slovak: Ústava Československej republiky) was the second permanent constitution of Czechoslovakia, in force from 1948 to 1960. It came into force on 9 May, shortly after the communist seizure of power in the country on 25 February 1948. It replaced the 1920 Constitution. Work on the new document had been underway since the summer of 1946. As a result, it was not a fully Communist constitution.
People's democratic stateA people's democratic state is a communist state formation. According to the Marxist–Leninist concept of people's democracy, a people's democratic state purportedly tries to transition society from a capitalist mode of production to a socialist mode of production after a successful people's democratic revolution. This process transforms the people's democratic state into a socialist state.
Velvet RevolutionLead figuresHardliners:Miloš JakešMilán VáclavíkMiroslav ŠtěpánAlois IndraVasiľ BiľakGustáv HusákModerates:Karel UrbánekLadislav AdamecLubomír ŠtrougalMarián ČalfaMilan ČičDissident leaders:Václav HavelAlexander DubčekVáclav BendaJán BudajJán ČarnogurskýJiří DienstbierLuboš DobrovskýVáclav KlausMilan KňažkoValtr KomárekRita KlímováPetr PithartPetr UhlJan UrbanMichael ŽantovskýPolitical/diplomatic support:Shirley TempleCasualties and lossesThe Velvet Revolution (Czech: sametová revoluce) or Gentle Revolution (Slovak: nežná revolúcia) was a non-violent transition of power in what was then Czechoslovakia, occurring from 17 November to 28 November 1989.
Satellite stateCountry which is nominally sovereign but under extensive influence from a larger state A satellite state or dependent state is a country that is formally independent, but under heavy political, economic, and military influence or control from another country.
Soviet UnionThe Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from its formation in 1922 until its dissolution in 1991. It was the world's third-most populous country, the largest by area, and bordered twelve other countries.
CzechoslovakiaCzechoslovakia was a country in Central Europe. The country was bordered by Austria and Hungary to the south, Germany to the west and northwest, Poland to the northeast, and Ukraine to the southeast. Czechoslovakia had a hilly and mostly mountainous landscape that covered an area of 127,906 square kilometers (49,385 sq mi) with a mostly temperate continental and oceanic climate.
Communist stateForm of governmentA map of current communist states (China, Cuba, Laos, North Korea and Vietnam).A communist state, also known as a Marxist–Leninist state, is a socio-economic form of government that combines the state leadership of a communist party, Marxist–Leninist political philosophy, and an official commitment to the construction of a communist society.
1948 Czechoslovak coup d'étatBelligerentsPresidentNational Socialist PartyPeople's PartyDemocratic PartySocial Democracy(anti-communist factions)Prime MinisterCommunist PartySocial Democracy(pro-communist factions)Supported by:Soviet UnionCommanders and leadersEdvard BenešPetr ZenklJan ŠrámekJozef LettrichBohumil LaušmanKlement GottwaldRudolf SlánskýVáclav NosekVáclav KopeckýZdeněk FierlingerIn late February 1948, the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ), with Soviet backing, assumed undisputed control over the government of Czechoslovakia through a coup d'état.
SocialismSocialism is an economic ideology and political philosophy encompassing diverse economic and social systems characterised by social ownership of the means of production, as opposed to private ownership. It describes the economic, political, and social theories and movements associated with the implementation of such systems. Social ownership can take various forms, including public, community, collective, cooperative, or employee.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.