Hydrogen cyanideNames IUPAC nameFormonitrileSystematic IUPAC nameMethanenitrileOther names Formic anammonideHydridonitridocarbonHydrocyanic acid (aqueous)Prussic acidCyananeIdentifiers CAS Number74-90-83D model (JSmol)Interactive imageChEBICHEBI:18407ChemSpider748ECHA InfoCard100.000.747EC Number200-821-6KEGGC01326MeSHHydrogen+CyanidePubChemCID768RTECS numberMW6825000UNII2WTB3V159FUN number1051 CompTox Dashboard(EPA)DTXSID9024148InChIInChI=1S/CHN/c1-2/h1HKey: LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-NSMILESC#NProperties Chemical formulaHCN Molar mass27.0253 g/mol Appearance Colorless liquid or gas Odorbitter almond-like Density0.6876 g/cm Melting point−13.29 °C (8.08 °F; 259.86 K) Boiling point26 °C (79 °F; 299 K) Solubility in waterMiscible Solubility in ethanolMiscible Vapor pressure100 kPa (25 °C) Henry's lawconstant (kH)75 μmol Pa kg Acidity (pKa) 9.21 (in water), 12.9 (in DMSO) Basicity (pKb) 4.79 (cyanide anion) Conjugate acidHydrocyanoniumConjugate baseCyanideRefractive index (nD)1.2675 Viscosity0.183 mPa·s (25 °C) Structure Crystal structuretetragonal (>170 K)orthorhombic (<170 K) Point groupC∞vMolecular shapeLinear Dipole moment2.98 D Thermochemistry Heat capacity(C)35.9 J K mol (gas) Std molarentropy(S298)201.8 J K mol Std enthalpy offormation(ΔfH298)135.1 kJ mol Hazards GHS labelling: PictogramsSignal wordDangerHazard statementsH220, H224, H300+H310+H330, H319, H336, H370, H410Precautionary statementsP210, P261, P305+P351+P338NFPA 704 (fire diamond) 442Flash point−17.8 °C (0.0 °F; 255.3 K) Autoignitiontemperature538 °C (1,000 °F; 811 K) Explosive limits5.6% – 40.0% Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): LC50 (median concentration)501 ppm (rat, 5 min)323 ppm (mouse, 5 min)275 ppm (rat, 15 min)170 ppm (rat, 30 min)160 ppm (rat, 30 min)323 ppm (rat, 5 min) LCLo (lowest published)200 ppm (mammal, 5 min)36 ppm (mammal, 2 hr)107 ppm (human, 10 min)759 ppm (rabbit, 1 min)759 ppm (cat, 1 min)357 ppm (human, 2 min)179 ppm (human, 1 hr) NIOSH (US health exposure limits): PEL (Permissible)TWA 10 ppm (11 mg/m) [skin] REL (Recommended)ST 4.7 ppm (5 mg/m) [skin] IDLH (Immediate danger)50 ppm Related compounds Related alkanenitrilesHydrogen isocyanideIsocyanic acidThiocyanic acidCyanogen iodideCyanogen bromideCyanogen chlorideCyanogen fluorideAcetonitrileAminoacetonitrileGlycolonitrileCyanogenExcept where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).Nverify ( ?)
CyanideIn chemistry, a cyanide (from Greek kyanos'dark blue') is an inorganicchemical compound that contains a C≡Nfunctional group. This group, known as the cyano group, consists of a carbon atom triple-bonded to a nitrogen atom. Ionic cyanides contain the cyanide anionC≡N. This anion is extremely toxic and causes cyanide poisoning. Soluble cyanide salts such as sodium cyanide (NaCN), potassium cyanide (KCN) and tetraethylammonium cyanide ([(CH3CH2)4N]CN) are also highly toxic.
Sodium cyanideSodium cyanide is a compound with the formula NaCN and the structure Na+ −C≡N. It is a white, water-soluble solid. Cyanide has a high affinity for metals, which leads to the high toxicity of this salt. Its main application, in gold mining, also exploits its high reactivity toward metals. It is a moderately strong base.
PseudohalogenCompounds with similar properties to polyatomic halogens Pseudohalogens (also known as halogenoids) are polyatomic analogues of halogens, whose chemistry, resembling that of the true halogens, allows them to substitute for halogens in several classes of chemical compounds.
Inorganic compoundAn inorganic compound is typically a chemical compound that lacks carbon–hydrogen bonds—that is, a compound that is not an organic compound. The study of inorganic compounds is a subfield of chemistry known as inorganic chemistry. Inorganic compounds comprise most of the Earth's crust, although the compositions of the deep mantle remain active areas of investigation. All allotropes of carbon and some simple carbon compounds are often considered inorganic.Chemical formulaA chemical formula is a way of presenting information about the chemical proportions of atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound or molecule, using chemical element symbols, numbers, and sometimes also other symbols, such as parentheses, dashes, brackets, commas and plus (+) and minus (−) signs. These are limited to a single typographic line of symbols, which may include subscripts and superscripts.
IodineBr↑I↓Attellurium ← iodine → xenon
WaterNames Preferred IUPAC nameWaterSystematic IUPAC nameOxidane (not in common use)Other names Hydrogen oxideHydrogen hydroxide (H2O or HOH)Hydroxylic acidDihydrogen monoxide (DHMO) (parody name)Dihydrogen oxideHydric acidHydrohydroxic acidHydroxic acidHydroxoic acidHydrolμ-Oxidodihydrogenκ-Hydroxylhydrogen(0)AquaNeutral liquidOxygen dihydride (may be considered incorrect)Identifiers CAS Number7732-18-53D model (JSmol)Interactive imageBeilstein Reference3587155 ChEBICHEBI:15377ChEMBLChEMBL1098659ChemSpider937DrugBankDB09145ECHA InfoCard100.028.902EC Number231-791-2Gmelin Reference117 KEGGC00001PubChemCID962RTECS numberZC0110000UNII059QF0KO0RCompTox Dashboard(EPA)DTXSID6026296InChIInChI=1S/H2O/h1H2Key: XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-NSMILESOProperties Chemical formulaH2OMolar mass18.015 g·mol Appearance Almost colorless or white crystalline solid, almost colorless liquid, with a hint of blue, colorless gas OdorOdorless DensityLiquid (1 atm, VSMOW):0.99984283(84) g/mL at 0 °C0.99997495(84) g/mL at 3.983035(670) °C (temperature of maximum density, often 4 °C)0.99704702(83) g/mL at 25 °C0.96188791(96) g/mL at 95 °CSolid:0.9167 g/mL at 0 °CMelting point0.00 °C (32.00 °F; 273.15 K) Boiling point99.98 °C (211.96 °F; 373.13 K) SolubilityPoorly soluble in haloalkanes, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, ethers.
Structural formulaThe structural formula of a chemical compound is a graphic representation of the molecular structure (determined by structural chemistry methods), showing how the atoms are connected to one another. The chemical bonding within the molecule is also shown, either explicitly or implicitly.
CarbonChemical element with atomic number 6 (C)–↑C↓Siboron ← carbon → nitrogen
Linear molecular geometryThe linear molecular geometry describes the geometry around a central atom bonded to two other atoms (or ligands) placed at a bond angle of 180°. Linear organic molecules, such as acetylene (HC≡CH), are often described by invoking sp orbital hybridization for their carbon centers.
Nitrogen–↑N↓Pcarbon ← nitrogen → oxygen*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.