Core drillA modern core drill is a drill specifically designed to remove a cylinder of material, much like a hole saw. The material left inside the drill bit is referred to as the core. Core drills used in metal are called annular cutters. Core drills used for concrete and hard rock generally use industrial diamond grit as the abrasive material and may be electrical, pneumatic or hydraulic powered.
PorosityPorosity or void fraction is a measure of the void (i.e. "empty") spaces in a material, and is a fraction of the volume of voids over the total volume, between 0 and 1, or as a percentage between 0% and 100%. Strictly speaking, some tests measure the "accessible void", the total amount of void space accessible from the surface (cf.closed-cell foam). There are many ways to test porosity in a substance or part, such as industrial CT scanning.
DendrochronologyDendrochronology (or tree-ring dating) is the scientific method of dating tree rings (also called growth rings) to the exact year they were formed in a tree. As well as dating them, this can give data for dendroclimatology, the study of climate and atmospheric conditions during different periods in history from the wood of old trees. Dendrochronology derives from the Ancient Greek dendron (), meaning "tree", khronos (), meaning "time", and (), "the study of".
CeramicA ceramic is any of the various hard, brittle, heat-resistant, and corrosion-resistantmaterials made by shaping and then firing an inorganic, nonmetallic material, such as clay, at a high temperature. Common examples are earthenware, porcelain, and brick. The earliest ceramics made by humans were fired clay bricks used for building house walls and other structures.
DrillingDrilling is a cutting process where a drill bit is spun to cut a hole of circular cross-section in solid materials. The drill bit is usually a rotary cutting tool, often multi-point. The bit is pressed against the work-piece and rotated at rates from hundreds to thousands of revolutions per minute. This forces the cutting edge against the work-piece, cutting off chips (swarf) from the hole as it is drilled.
SedimentIn Earth and planetary sciences, sediment is a solid material made of loose particles that is transported to a new location where it is deposited. It occurs naturally and, through the processes of weathering and erosion, is broken down and subsequently transported by the action of wind, water, or ice or by the force of gravity acting on the particles.
MetalType of materialIron, shown here as fragments and a 1 cm cube, is an example of a chemical element that is a metal.Metal in the form of a gravy boat made from stainless steel, an alloy largely composed of iron, chromium and nickelA metal (from Ancient Greek μέταλλον (métallon) 'mine, quarry, metal') is a material that, when polished or fractured, shows a lustrous appearance, and conducts electricity and heat relatively well.
SteelSteel is an alloy of iron and carbon that demonstrates improved mechanical properties compared to the pure form of iron. Due to its high elastic modulus, yield strength, fracture strength and low raw material cost, steel is one of the most commonly manufactured materials in the world.
ConcreteComposite construction materialA single concrete block, as used for constructionConcrete is a composite material composed of aggregate bound together with a fluid cement that cures to a solid. It is the second-most-used substance (after water), the most widely used building material, and the most-manufactured material in the world. Cement-bound concrete differs from the less rigid, less durable asphaltic concrete, which has a bituminous binder.
Hydrocarbon explorationHydrocarbon exploration (or oil and gas exploration) is the search by petroleum geologists and geophysicists for hydrocarbon deposits, particularly petroleum and natural gas, in the Earth's crust using petroleum geology. Exploration methodsVisible surface features such as oil seeps, , pockmarks (underwater craters caused by escaping gas) provide basic evidence of hydrocarbon generation (be it shallow or deep in the Earth).
Permeability (porous media)Measure of the ability of a porous material to allow fluids to pass through it Symbol used to represent in situ permeability tests in geotechnical drawings In fluid mechanics, materials science and Earth sciences, the permeability of porous media (often, a rock or soil) is a measure of the ability for fluids (gas or liquid) to flow through the media; it is commonly symbolized as k. Fluids can more easily flow through a material with high permeability than one with low permeability.
ArtificialityArtificiality (the state of being artificial, anthropogenic, or man-made) is the condition of being the product of intentional human manufacture (namely, by artifice), rather than occurring naturally through processes not involving or requiring human activity. ConnotationsArtificiality often carries the implication of being false, counterfeit, or deceptive.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.