Instant-runoff votingInstant-runoff voting (IRV; US/CA:ranked-choice voting (RCV), AU:preferential voting, UK/NZ:alternative vote) is a single-winner ranked voting election system where one or more eliminations are used to simulate multiple runoff elections. In each round, the candidate with the fewest first-preference votes among the remaining candidates is eliminated. This continues until only one candidate is left.Coombs' methodCoombs' method is a ranked voting system. Like instant-runoff (IRV-RCV), Coombs' method is a sequential-loser method, where the last-place finisher according to one method is eliminated in each round. However, unlike in instant-runoff, each round has electors voting against their least-favorite candidate; the candidate ranked last by the most voters is eliminated.
Ranked votingRanked voting is any voting system that uses voters' rankings of candidates to choose a single winner or multiple winners. More formally, a ranked vote system depends only on voters' order of preference of the candidates. Ranked voting systems vary dramatically in how preferences are tabulated and counted. This gives them different properties with respect to satisfying various voting groups and adherence to mathematical rules.
Two-round systemThe two-round system (TRS or 2RS), sometimes called ballotage, top-two runoff, or two-round plurality, is a single-winner electoral system which aims to elect a member who has support of the majority of voters. The two-round system involves two rounds of choose-one voting, where the voter marks a single favorite candidate in each round. The two candidates with the most votes in the first round move on to a second election (a second round of voting).
Mayor of LondonThe mayor of London is the strategic authority mayor for the Greater London Authority. The role was created in 2000 after the Greater London devolution referendum in 1998, and was the first directly elected mayor in the United Kingdom. Sadiq Khan took office as mayor on 9 May 2016, and was re-elected in 2021 and 2024.Electoral systemAn electoral system is a set of rules and mechanisms used to determine the results of an election. Electoral systems are used in politics to elect governments and also in non-political settings such as business, nonprofit organizations and informal organisations.
2026 Greater Manchester mayoral by-electionA by-election was held on 30 July 2026 to elect the Mayor of Greater Manchester. The by-election was triggered by Andy Burnham's disqualification from the post after winning the 2026 Makerfield by-election and thus becoming a member of Parliament. The winner of the by-election will serve as mayor until the 2028 mayoral election. The prior acting mayor, Paul Dennett, did not stand for election.
Police and crime commissionerA police and crime commissioner (PCC; Welsh: comisiynydd yr heddlu a throseddu) is an elected government official in England and Wales responsible for generally overseeing police services. A police, fire and crime commissioner (PFCC) is an elected official in England responsible for generally overseeing both police and fire services. Commissioners replaced the abolished police authorities. The first commissioners were elected on 15 November 2012.
President of Sri LankaThe president of Sri Lanka (Sinhala: ශ්රී ලංකා ජනාධිපති Śrī Laṅkā Janādhipati; Tamil: இலங்கை ஜனாதிபதி Ilaṇkai janātipati) is the head of state and head of government of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka. The president is the chief executive of the union government and the commander-in-chief of the Sri Lanka Armed Forces.
Single transferable voteMulti-winner electoral systemSimplified example of an STV ballotSTV ballot papers from the 2011 Irish general electionThe single transferable vote (STV) or proportional-ranked choice voting (P-RCV), also known as PR-STV and "proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote", is a multi-winner electoral system in which each voter casts a single vote in the form of a ranked ballot.Nanson's methodThe Borda count electoral system can be combined with an instant-runoff procedure to create hybrid election methods that are called Nanson's method and Baldwin's method. Both methods are designed to satisfy the Condorcet criterion, and allow for incomplete ballots and equal rankings.
Directly elected local authority mayorsDirectly elected local authority mayors are the leaders of the small number of the local authorities in England that have adopted mayor-and-cabinet executive arrangements. Elsewhere, council leaders who form the executive of local authorities are typically selected by indirect election from amongst councillors.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.