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Conjoined twins

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Conjoined twins, popularly referred to as Siamese twins, are twins joined in utero. It is estimated to occur in anywhere between one in 50,000 births to one in 200,000 births, with a somewhat higher incidence in southwest Asia and Africa. Approximately half are stillborn, and an additional one-third die within 24 hours. Most live births are female, with a ratio of 3:1. Two possible explanations of the cause of conjoined twins have been proposed.

Chang and Eng BunkerChang and Eng BunkerChang Bunker (Thai: จัน บังเกอร์) and Eng Bunker (Thai: อิน บังเกอร์) (May 11, 1811 – January 17, 1874) were Siamese-American conjoined twin brothers whose fame propelled the expression "Siamese twins" to become synonymous for conjoined twins in general. They were widely exhibited as curiosities and were "two of the nineteenth century's most studied human beings".TwinTwinOne of two offspring produced by the same pregnancyIdentical twins can be difficult to visually distinguish especially when young, as demonstrated by brothers Billy and Bobby Mauch.Twins are two offspring produced by the same pregnancy.Fission (biology)Fission (biology)In biology, fission is the division of a single entity into two or more parts and the regeneration of those parts to separate entities resembling the original. The object experiencing fission is usually a cell, but the term may also refer to how organisms, bodies, populations, or species split into discrete parts. The fission may be binary fission, in which a single organism produces two parts, or multiple fission, in which a single entity produces multiple parts.UterusUterusThe uterus (from Latinuterus, pl.: uteri or uteruses) or womb () is the organ in the reproductive system of most femalemammals, including humans, that accommodates the embryonic and fetal development of one or more fertilized eggs until birth. The uterus is a hormone-responsive sex organ that contains glands in its lining that secrete uterine milk for embryonic nourishment. (The term uterus is also applied to analogous structures in some non-mammalian animals.)PlacentaPlacentaThe placenta (pl.: placentas or placentae) is a temporary embryonic and later fetalorgan that begins developing from the blastocyst shortly after implantation. It plays critical roles in facilitating nutrient, gas, and waste exchange between the physically separate maternal and fetal circulations, and is an important endocrine organ, producing hormones that regulate both maternal and fetal physiology during pregnancy.StillbirthStillbirthStillbirth is typically defined as the death of a fetus at or after 20 or 28 weeks of pregnancy, depending on the source. It results in a baby born without signs of life. A stillbirth can often result in the feeling of guilt or grief in the mother. The term is in contrast to miscarriage, which is an early pregnancy loss, and sudden infant death syndrome, where the baby dies a short time after being born alive. Often the cause is unknown.Stem cellStem cellUnspecialized biological cell that can become specializedIn multicellular organisms, stem cells are undifferentiated or partially differentiated cells that can change into various types of cells and proliferate indefinitely to produce more of the same stem cell. They are the earliest type of cell in a cell lineage. They are found in both embryonic and adult organisms, but they have slightly different properties in each.ChorionChorionThe chorion is the outermost fetal membrane around the embryo in mammals, birds and reptiles (amniotes). It is also present around the embryo of other animals, like insects and molluscs. StructureIn humans and other therian mammals, the chorion is one of the fetal membranes that exist during pregnancy between the developing fetus and mother. The chorion and the amnion together form the amniotic sac.In UteroIn Utero1993 studio album by NirvanaSingles from In Utero "Heart-Shaped Box"Released: August 30, 1993"All Apologies" / "Rape Me"Released: December 6, 1993"Pennyroyal Tea"Released: April 19, 2014 (20th anniversary re-release)In Utero is the third and final studio album by the American rock band Nirvana, first released on September 13, 1993 in the UK and Europe, and internationally on 21 September by DGC Records.Amniotic sacAmniotic sacThe amniotic sac, also called the bag of waters or the membranes, is the sac in which the embryo and later fetus develops in amniotes. It is a thin but tough transparent pair of membranes that hold a developing embryo (and later fetus) until shortly before birth. The inner of these membranes, the amnion, encloses the amniotic cavity, containing the amniotic fluid and the embryo. The outer membrane, the chorion, contains the amnion and is part of the placenta.Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)Period of Thai history (Learn how and when to remove this message) Today part ofThailandCambodiaLaosMalaysiaMyanmarVietnamChinaGermany ^ This historical period is more colloquially referred to as the Rattanakosin period in Thailand. The term Rattanakosin can still refer to Thailand today, since Bangkok is still its capital. ^ Beginning with the Bowring Treaty of 1855, the country was referred to as the "Kingdom of Siam" in diplomatic treaties.

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