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Congress of Soviets

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The Congress of Soviets was the supreme governing body of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and several other Soviet republics and national autonomies in the Russian SFSR and the Soviet Union from 1917 to 1936 and a somewhat similar Congress of People's Deputies from 1989 to 1991. After the creation of the Soviet Union, the Congress of Soviets of the Soviet Union functioned as its legislative branch until its dissolution in 1936.

Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet UnionCongress of People's Deputies of the Soviet UnionThe Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union was the highest body of state authority of the Soviet Union from 1989 to 1991. BackgroundThe Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union was created as part of Mikhail Gorbachev's reform agenda, and was enabled by Gorbachev's first constitutional change.Congress of Soviets of the Soviet UnionCongress of Soviets of the Soviet UnionThe All-Union Congress of Soviets (Russian: Всесоюзный съезд Советов, IPA:) was formally the supreme governing body of the Soviet Union from its formation (30 December 1922) until the adoption of its second constitution in 1936.Russian Soviet Federative Socialist RepublicRussian Soviet Federative Socialist RepublicThe Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR) was a revolutionary, and later, communist state from 1917 to 1922, and afterwards the largest and most populous constituent republic of the Soviet Union (USSR) from 1922 to 1991, until becoming a sovereign part of the Soviet Union with priority of Russian laws over Union-level legislation in 1990 and 1991, the last two years of the existence of the USSR.Soviet UnionSoviet UnionThe Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from its formation in 1922 until its dissolution in 1991. It was the world's third-most populous country, the largest by area, and bordered twelve other countries.Treaty on the Creation of the Union of Soviet Socialist RepublicsTreaty on the Creation of the Union of Soviet Socialist RepublicsThe Declaration and Treaty on the Formation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Russian: Декларация и договор об образовании Союза Советских Социалистических Республик) officially created the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union.Republic of China (1912–1949)Republic of China (1912–1949)The Republic of China established its governance over mainland China on 1 January 1912 following the Xinhai Revolution, which overthrew the Manchu-led Qing dynasty and ended China's imperial history. The Beiyang government in Beijing was the internationally recognized government of the ROC from 1912 to 1928, with regional warlords occupying parts of the country after the death of Beiyang leader Yuan Shikai in 1916.ProletariatProletariatThe proletariat (; from Latin proletarius 'producing offspring') is the socioeconomic class of wage laborers, members of a capitalist society whose most significant economic value is their labour power (their capacity to work). A member of such a class is a proletarian or a worker.Dictatorship of the proletariatDictatorship of the proletariatState of affairs in Marxist theory Part of a series onMarxism Outline Concepts Philosophy Alienation Dialectical materialism Ethics Historical materialism Ideology Praxis Reification Economic analysis Labour theory of value Law of value Value-form Abstract and concrete labour Socially necessary labour time Use value Exchange value Means of production Mode of production Capitalist Socialist Productive forces Relations of production Commodity (fetishism) Surplus product Surplus value Exploitation Wage labour Capital (accumulation) Critique of political economy Crisis theory Imperialism Reserve army of labour Tendency of the rate of profit to fall Social and political theory Class Bourgeoisie Proletariat Working class Lumpenproletariat Class consciousness False consciousness Classless society State theory State capitalism Withering away of the state Democracy Democratic centralism Dictatorship of the proletariat Radical democracy Soviet democracy Base and superstructure Communist society Cultural hegemony Human nature Immiseration Metabolic rift Private property Social reproduction Theory of history Class struggle Primitive accumulation Proletarian revolution World revolution Schools of thought Foundational Classical Marxism Orthodox Marxism Revisionist Marxism Primary branches Bukharinism Deng Xiaoping Theory Left communism Leninism Marxism–Leninism Maoism Titoism Trotskyism Western Marxism Frankfurt School Humanist Praxis School Structural Libertarian Marxism Autonomism Communization Operaismo Situationism Academic and post-1968 schools Analytical Budapest School Dependency theory Ecological Feminist Neo- Open New Marx Reading Political Post- Regulation school Subaltern Studies Value-criticism World-systems theory Other tendencies Austrian Centrist Marxism Black radical tradition De Leonism Eurocommunism Liberal Nkrumaism Fields of study Aesthetics Archaeology Anthropology Criminology Cultural analysis Cultural studies Film theory Geography Historiography International relations Literary criticism Mathematics Religion Sociology Theoretical works Foundational texts Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 Theses on Feuerbach The German Ideology The Poverty of Philosophy Wage Labour and Capital The Communist Manifesto The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte Grundrisse A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy Value, Price and Profit Das Kapital The Civil War in France Critique of the Gotha Programme Anti-Dühring The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy Early 20th century What Is to Be Done?BourgeoisieBourgeoisieThe bourgeoisie are a social class of business owners, merchants and wealthy people, in general, which emerged in the Late Middle Ages, originally as a "middle class" between the peasantry and aristocracy. They are traditionally contrasted with the proletariat by their wealth, political power, and education, as well as their access to and control of cultural, social, and financial capital.Communist-controlled China (1927–1949)Communist-controlled China (1927–1949)Territories of China controlled by the Communist Party during the civil war Soviet Zone(1927–1937)蘇區Anti-Japanese Base Areas(1937–1946)抗日根據地Liberated Zone(1946–1949)解放區1927–1949 Flag of the Chinese Red Army;Left: 1928–1934 and Right: 1934–1937Motto: "Proletarians and oppressed peoples of the world, unite!"(Chinese: 全世界無產階級和被壓迫的民族聯合起來!)Anthem: "The Internationale"(Chinese: 國際歌)Map showing the Communist-controlled China 1934 to 1949: CCP in 1934–1945 CCP expansion in 1945-mid…Soviet republicSoviet republicRepublic formed of workers' councils Part of the Politics seriesBasic forms of government List of forms · List of countries Source of power Democracy (rule by many) Demarchy Direct Economic Guided Liberal Representative Social Socialist Others Oligarchy (rule by few) Anocracy Aristocracy Broligarchy Corporatocracy Gerontocracy Imagocracy Kleptocracy Kritarchy Matriarchy Meritocracy Particracy Patriarchy Plutocracy Stratocracy Technocracy Theocracy Autocracy (rule by one) Autocratic legalism Despotism Dictatorship military Tyranny Anarchy (rule by none) Anarchism Free association Stateless Power ideology MonarchyRepublic (socio-political ideologies) Absolute Communist Constitutional Directorial Legalist Presidential Parliamentary Semi-parliamentary Semi-presidential AuthoritarianLibertarian (socio-economic ideologies) Anarchism Colonialism Communism Despotism Distributism Fascism Feudalism Islamism Socialism Totalitarianism inverted Tribalism ReligiousSecular State religion Secular state Separation of church and state State atheism GlobalLocal (geo-cultural ideologies) City-state Intergovernmental organisation National government World government Nationalism Internationalism Globalism Power structure Unitarism Unitary state Empire Principality Branches Unified state power Fusion of powers Separation of powers Client state Associated state Dependent territory Dominion Protectorate Puppet state Puppet monarch Satellite state Self-governing colony Tributary state Buffer state Vassal state Viceroyalty Federalism Confederation Devolution Federation Superstate Supranational union International relations Small power Middle power Regional power Emerging power Great power Superpower Related Administrative division Centralized government Democratic backsliding Democracy indices Democratic transition Democratisation Politics portalvte Part of the Politics series onRepublicanism Concepts Anti-monarchism Anti-corruption Civic virtue Civil society Consent of the governed Democracy Democratization Liberty as non-domination Mixed government Political representation Popular sovereignty Public participation Republic Res publica Rule of law Self-governance Separation of powers Social contract Social equality Schools Gaullism Jeffersonian democracy Kantianism Kemalism Khomeinism Nasserism Venizelism Types Autonomous Capitalist Christian Classical Democratic Directorial system Federal Federal Council Imperial Islamic Maritime Modern Parliamentary Peasant People's Revolutionary Secular Sister Socialist Philosophers Adams (John) Arendt Baggini Bello Bentham Berlin Bodin Cattaneo Chappell Cicero Condorcet Crick Franklin Harrington Honderich Jefferson Kant Locke Machiavelli Madison Marx Mazzini Mill Montesquieu Paine Pettit Polybius Rousseau Sandel Sidney Skinner (Quentin) Sunstein Tocqueville Warburton Wollstonecraft Politicians Adams (Gerry) Adams (John) Ashton Atatürk Azaña Bartley Benn Bennett Bolívar Chapman Clark (Katy) Clarke (Tom) Connolly Cromwell Davidson De Gaulle De Valera Drakeford Etherington Fabiani Ferguson Flynn (Paul) Flynn (Stephen) Foot Gambetta Garibaldi Grévy Griffith Griffiths Harvie Hatton Hébert Hopkins Huppert Iorwerth Jackson Jay Jefferson Jones (Elin) Jones (Lynne) Juárez Kane Khomeini La Malfa Lenin Lewis Lincoln Lucas Mackay Mackenzie Madison Magid Manley Mannin McDonnell McKechin Mottley Mullin Nandy Naysmith Nehru Papineau Pound Prescott Ritchie Robespierre Sayed Sillars Singh Skates Skinner (Dennis) Slater Slaughter Smith Spadolini Stuart Sun Taverne Venizelos Washington Whitlam Wilson Wood Theoretical works Republic (c. 375 BC) De re publica (54–51 BC) Discourses on Livy (1531) The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates (1649) The Commonwealth of Oceana (1656) Discourses Concerning Government (1698) The Spirit of Law (1748) Discourse on Inequality (1755) The Social Contract (1762) The Federalist Papers (1787–1788) Rights of Man (1791) Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch (1794) Democracy in America (1835–1840) On Revolution (1963) History Roman Republic Gaṇasaṅgha Classical Athens Republic of Venice Republic of Genoa Republic of Florence Dutch Republic American Revolution French Revolution Spanish American wars of independence Trienio Liberal French Revolution of 1848 Proclamation of the Republic 5 October 1910 revolution Chinese Revolution Russian Revolution German revolution of 1918–1919 Turkish War of Independence Mongolian Revolution of 1921 11 September 1922 Revolution 1935 Greek coup attempt Spanish Civil War 1944 Icelandic constitutional referendum 1946 Italian institutional referendum Egyptian revolution of 1952 14 July Revolution 1960 South African republic referendum North Yemen civil war Zanzibar Revolution 1969 Libyan revolution 1970 Cambodian coup d'état Metapolitefsi 1974 Greek republic referendum Iranian Revolution 1987 Fijian coups d'état 1993 Brazilian constitutional referendum Nepalese Civil War Barbadian Republic Proclamation National variants Antigua and Barbuda Australia Bahamas Barbados Canada Ireland Jamaica Japan Morocco Netherlands New Zealand Norway Spain Catalonia Sweden United Kingdom Scotland Wales United States Republic days Armenia Azerbaijan China Iceland India Iran Italy Kazakhstan Malta Moldova Nepal Niger North Korea North Macedonia Pakistan Philippines Taiwan Turkey Related topics Classical radicalism Common good Communitarianism Consul Criticism of monarchy Egalitarianism The Emperor's New Clothes Jacobinism Liberalism List of monarchy referendums List of republics Monarchism Peasant republic Primus inter pares Republic without republicans Republican empire Republican Party Politics portalvte 1936 map of the Soviet Union A soviet republic (from Russian: советская республика, romanized: sovetskaya respublika), also called a council republic, conciliar republic or sovietic republic, is a republic in which the government is formed of soviets (workers' councils) and politics are based on soviet democracy.

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