James FarmerJames Leonard Farmer Jr. (January 12, 1920 – July 9, 1999) was an American civil rights activist and leader in the Civil Rights Movement "who pushed for nonviolent protest to dismantle segregation, and served alongside Martin Luther King Jr." In 1942 he was a co-founder of what became known as CORE, or the Congress of Racial Equality.
Student Nonviolent Coordinating CommitteeActivist organization during the civil rights movementThe Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, and later the Student National Coordinating Committee (SNCC, pronounced ), was the principal channel of student commitment in the United States to the civil rights movement during the 1960s. Emerging in 1960 from the student-led sit-ins at segregated lunch counters in Greensboro, North Carolina, and Nashville, Tennessee, the Committee sought to coordinate and assist direct-action challenges to the civic segregation and political exclusion of African Americans.
Civil rights movementThe civil rights movement was a social movement in the United States from 1954 to 1968 which aimed to abolish legalized racial segregation, discrimination, and disenfranchisement in the country, which most commonly affected African Americans. The movement had origins in the Reconstruction era in the late 19th century, and modern roots in the 1940s and in Mahatma Gandhi's nonviolent movement in India.
African AmericansEthnic and cultural group in the United States Ethnic group African AmericansProportion of Black Americans in U.S. counties, as of the 2020 U.S. censusTotal populationAlone (one race): 41,104,200 12.40% of the total U.S. populationIn combination (mixed race): 5,832,533 1.76% of the total U.S. populationAlone or in combination: 46,936,733 14.16% of the total U.S. populationRegions with significant populationsPredominantly the Southern United States and American urban centers, including: Texas3,552,997 Georgia3,320,513 Florida3,246,381 New York2,986,172 California2,237,044LanguagesAmerican English (incl.
Jim Crow lawsThe Jim Crow laws were state and local laws introduced in the Southern United States from the late 19th century to the mid-20th century that enforced racial segregation. The origin of the term Jim Crow is obscure, but probably refers to a minstrel show song called "Jump Jim Crow".
Martin Luther King Jr.American minister and civil rights activist (1929–1968)Sermons and speeches"Give Us the Ballot""Letter from Birmingham Jail""I Have a Dream""How Long, Not Long""Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence""The Other America""I've Been to the Mountaintop"CampaignsMontgomery bus boycottPrayer Pilgrimage for FreedomYouth March for Integrated SchoolsAlbany MovementBirmingham campaignDetroit Walk to FreedomMarch on WashingtonSt.
LouisianaU.S. stateState in the United StatesLouisiana entrance sign off Interstate 20 in Madison Parish east of TallulahLouisiana (French: Louisiane; Spanish: Luisiana; Louisiana Creole: Lwizyàn) is a state in the Deep South and South Central regions of the United States. It is bordered by Texas to the west, Arkansas to the north, and Mississippi to the east. Of the 50 U.S. states, it ranks 31st in area and 25th in population, with roughly 4.6 million residents.
ChicagoMost populous city in Illinois, USCity in Illinois, United StatesChicago is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Illinois and in the Midwestern United States. Located on the western shore of Lake Michigan, it is the third-most populous city in the United States, with a population of 2.74 million at the 2020 census.
Deep SouthThe Deep South or the Lower South is a cultural and geographic subregion of the Southern United States. The term is used to describe the states which were most economically dependent on the plantation system and African chattel slavery, generally Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, and South Carolina. East Texas, North Florida, the Arkansas Delta, South Arkansas, West Tennessee, and the southern part of North Carolina are sometimes included as well.
Roy InnisRoy Emile Alfredo Innis (June 6, 1934 – January 8, 2017) was an American activist and politician. He was National Chairman of the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) from 1968 until his death. One of his sons, Niger Roy Innis, serves as National Spokesman of the Congress of Racial Equality.
Civil and political rightsCivil and political rights are a class of rights that protect individuals' freedom from infringement by governments, social organizations, and private individuals. They ensure one's entitlement to participate in the civil and political life of society and the state.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.