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Communications system

A communications system is a collection of individual telecommunications networks systems, relay stations, tributary stations, and terminal equipment usually capable of interconnection and interoperation to form an integrated whole. Communication systems allow the transfer of information from one place to another or from one device to another through a specified channel or medium.

Optical communicationOptical communicationOptical communication or optical telecommunication (sometimes known as optical transmission), is communication at a distance using light to carry information. Optical communication can be performed visually or by using electronic devices. The earliest basic forms of optical communication date back several millennia, while the earliest electrical device created to do so was the photophone, invented in 1880.TransmitterTransmitterIn electronics and telecommunications, a radio transmitter or just transmitter (often abbreviated as XMTR or TX in technical documents) is an electronic device which produces radio waves with an antenna with the purpose of signal transmission to a radio receiver. The transmitter itself generates a radio frequencyalternating current, which is applied to the antenna. When excited by this alternating current, the antenna radiates radio waves.LightLightLight, visible light, or visible radiation is electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived by the human eye. Visible light spans the visible spectrum and is usually defined as having wavelengths in the range of 400–700 nanometers (nm), corresponding to frequencies of 750–420 terahertz.TelecommunicationsTelecommunicationsTransmission of information electromagneticallyEarth station at the satellite communication facility Raisting Earth Station in Raisting, Weilheim-Schongau, Bavaria, GermanyTelecommunication, often used in its plural form or abbreviated as telecom, is the transmission of information over a distance using electrical or electronic means, typically through cables, radio waves, or other communication technologies.CommunicationCommunicationTransmission of information"Communicate" redirects here. For other uses, see Communicate (other).There are many forms of communication, including human linguistic communication using sounds, sign language, and writing as well as animals exchanging information and attempts to communicate with intelligent extraterrestrial life.Communication is commonly defined as the transmission of information.BroadcastingBroadcastingBroadcasting is the distribution of audio and audiovisual content to dispersed audiences via an electronic mass communications medium, typically using radio waves in a one-to-many model. Broadcasting began with AM radio, which became popular around 1920 with the spread of vacuum tube radio transmitters and receivers.Mass mediaMass mediaMass media refers to the forms of media that reach large audiences via mass communication. It includes broadcast media, digital media, print media, social media, streaming media, advertising, and events. Mass media encompasses news, advocacy, entertainment, and public service announcements, and intersects with the study of marketing, propaganda, public relations, political communication, journalism, art, drama, computing, and technology.Terminal equipmentTerminal equipmentIn telecommunications, the term terminal equipment has the following meanings: Communications equipment at either end of a communications link, used to permit the stations involved to accomplish the mission for which the link was established.In radio-relay systems, equipment used at points where data are inserted or derived, as distinct from equipment used only to relay a reconstituted signal.Telephone and telegraph switchboards and other centrally located equipment at which communications circuits are terminated.See alsoCustomer-premises equipmentData terminal equipment, an end instrument that converts user information into signals for transmission or reconverts the received signals into user informationReferences This article incorporates public domain material from Federal Standard 1037C. General Services Administration.SemioticsSemioticsStudy of signsSemiotics is the study of signs. It is an interdisciplinary field that examines what signs are, how they form sign systems, and how individuals use signs to produce and communicate meaning. Semiotics is usually divided into syntactics, which addresses how signs are organized and combined; semantics, which addresses the relation between signs and their meanings; and pragmatics, which addresses the relation between signs and their users.InterconnectionInterconnectionIn telecommunications, interconnection is the physical linking of a carrier's network with equipment or facilities not belonging to that network. The term may refer to a connection between a carrier's facilities and the equipment belonging to its customer, or to a connection between two or more carriers. In United States regulatory law, interconnection is specifically defined (47 C.F.R. 51.5) as "the linking of two or more networks for the mutual exchange of traffic."JournalismJournalismJournalism is the production and distribution of reports on events, facts, ideas, and people that constitute the "news of the day" and inform society with a commitment to accuracy and verification. The word, a noun, applies to the occupation (professional or not), the methods of gathering information, and the organizing literary styles. The role of journalism varies across countries, as do perceptions of the profession and its status.InteroperationInteroperationIn engineering, interoperation is the setup of ad hoc components and methods to make two or more systems work together as a combined system with some partial functionality during a certain time, possibly requiring human supervision to perform necessary adjustments and corrections.

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