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Coin flipping

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Coin flipping, coin tossing, or heads or tails involves launching a coin in the air and then checking which side is showing once it has landed, in order to randomly choose between two alternatives. It is a form of sortition which inherently has two possible outcomes. Used in such a fashion, the coin serves as a binary lot. History and nomenclatureCoin flipping was known to the Romans as navia aut caput ("ship or head"), as some coins had a ship on one side and the head of the emperor on the other.

Friday Night Lights (film)Friday Night Lights (film)Friday Night Lights is a 2004 American sportsdrama film directed by Peter Berg, who co-wrote the screenplay with David Aaron Cohen. It is based on the 1990 book by H. G. Bissinger. The film follows the coach and players of a high school football team in Odessa, Texas. The film followed the story of the 1988 Permian High School Panthers football team as they made a run towards the state championship. Friday Night Lights was released by Universal Pictures on October 8, 2004.Face-offFace-offA face-off is the method used to begin and restart play after goals in some sports using sticks, primarily ice hockey, inline hockey, bandy, floorball, broomball, rinkball, and lacrosse. During a face-off, two teams line up in opposition to each other, and the opposing players attempt to gain control of the puck or ball after it is dropped or otherwise placed between their sticks by an official.University Interscholastic LeagueUniversity Interscholastic LeagueThe University Interscholastic League (UIL) is an organization that creates rules for and administers almost all athletic, musical, and academic contests for public primary and secondary schools in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the largest organization of its type in the world. Activities range from American football and cross-examination debate to mathematics and marching band competitions; however, the UIL does not administer Academic Decathlon competitions.Friday Night Lights (TV series)Friday Night Lights is an American sports drama television series developed by Peter Berg and inspired by a 1990 book of immersive journalism by H. G. Bissinger, which was adapted as the 2004 film by Berg. Executive producers were Brian Grazer, David Nevins, Sarah Aubrey, and Jason Katims who also served as showrunner. The series follows a high school football team in the fictional town of Dillon, a small, close-knit community in rural West Texas.Binary lotBinary lotA binary lot is an object that, when cast, comes to rest with one of two distinct faces uppermost. These can range from precisely machined objects like modern coins which produce balanced results (each side coming up half the time over many casts), to naturally occurring objects like cowrie shells which may produce a range of unbalanced results depending upon the species, individual, and even circumstances of the cast.United StatesUnited StatesCountry primarily in North AmericaThe United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic consisting of 50 states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 contiguous states border Canada to the north and Mexico to the south, with the semi-exclave of Alaska in the northwest and the archipelago of Hawaii in the Pacific Ocean.Obverse and reverseObverse and reverseThe obverse and reverse are the two flat faces of coins and some other two-sided objects, including paper money, flags, seals, medals, drawings, old master prints and other works of art, and printed fabrics. In this usage, obverse means the front face of the object and reverse means the back face. The obverse of a coin is commonly called heads, because it often depicts the head of a prominent person, and the reverse tails. The surface between the faces is the edge.Roman emperorRoman emperorThe Roman emperor was the ruler of the Roman Empire, starting with the granting of the title augustus to Octavian in 27 BC. The title of imperator, originally a military honorific, was usually used alongside caesar, originally a cognomen. When a given Roman is described as becoming emperor in English, it generally reflects his accession as augustus, and later as basileus.ShipShipA ship is a large watercraft designed for travel across the surface of a body of water, carrying cargo or passengers, or in support of specialized tasks such as warfare, oceanography and fishing. Ships are generally distinguished from boats, based on size, shape, load capacity and purpose. Ships have supported exploration, trade, warfare, migration, colonization, and science. Ship transport is responsible for the largest portion of world commerce.SortitionSortitionIn governance, sortition is the selection of public officials or jurors at random, i.e., by lottery, in order to obtain a representative sample. In ancient Athenian democracy, sortition was the traditional and primary method for appointing political officials, and its use was regarded as a principal characteristic of democracy. Sortition is often classified as a method for both direct democracy and deliberative democracy.CoinCoinA coin is a small object, usually round and flat, used primarily as a medium of exchange or legal tender. They are standardized in weight, and produced in large quantities at a mint in order to facilitate trade. They are most often issued by a government. Coins often have images, numerals, or text on them. The faces of coins or medals are sometimes called the obverse and the reverse, referring to the front and back sides, respectively.

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